Sentences with phrase «altering the expression level»

They determined that altering the expression level of LIGHT (a specific type of molecule that binds to a receptor site of another cell) and also lymphotoxin (LT) on T cells significantly impacted the cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

These studies are unable to determine a causal relationship due to factors such as gene regulation — a genetic variant may instead contribute to altered expression levels of true causal genes, which remain undetected by a GWAS.

Not exact matches

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

Those studied by Dunlop are her colleagues alter their traits — protein expression, for instance — but not their genomes, making them significantly more difficult to identify since the resistance level of each bacterium changes over time.

The expression levels of other enamel matrix proteins and enamel proteases, were not significantly altered, although the expression of an enamel protease, KLK - 4, was delayed.

In addition, four tRFs had differential expression patterns after feeding with dengue virus and three had altered levels after treatment with antibiotics, suggesting a role in gut microbiome and vector competence to dengue virus infection.

However, the team was able to show that so - called tight junction proteins, which are known to be important for the blood - brain barrier permeability, did undergo structural changes and had altered levels of expression in the absence of bacteria.

In combination with a separate technique that measures the degree to which a gene is expressed, the researchers then identified genes that were either mutated or functionally altered through expression levels in these bladder cancer cell lines.

Not only were levels of metabolic compounds different, but the expression of certain genes involved in metabolism was turned up, and the epigenome of the cells — molecular markers on DNA that change gene expression on a broader scale — was altered.

I am currently exploring functions of BIN1 by generating mouse models to modify the levels of BIN1 expression in the brain, and investigating how altering the levels of this protein can modify AD - related pathophysiology.

If, for instance, a researcher finds that dozens of genes in a microarray are differentially expressed on a high - fat purified ingredient diet compared to a low - fat GB diet, it is tempting to conclude that gene expression was altered due to the differences in fat levels between the diets.

But transcriptome studies also have significant limitations, such an inability to determine reverse causality — whether gene expression levels are altered by disease, or whether disease arises due to altered gene expression.

As previously reported, the expression level of dilp3 is very low during the growth period (S3A Fig)[13][14], and neither growth nor developmental timing is altered in dilp3 - null mutants [25].

Our findings are consistent with other studies also reporting elevated levels of oxidative stress markers in the eyes of POAG patients, along with altered expression of antioxidant defenses in the TM.

Manipulation of either FGF signalling or Nanog expression levels can alter the ratio of cell types present in this state and single Venus positive or negative cells can regenerate this equilibrium with apparently identical kinetics under self - renewing conditions.

There may be a certain level of complexity in elucidating the mechanisms involved in this negative response as we have shown that the response can be easily altered with expression of either ER - α or N1 - ICD, and this suggests that the intrinsic hypoxic response of these cells can be overcome quite simply.

These SNPs can result in altered levels of expression of some miRNAs from the BART variant frequently present in Chinese and Indonesian nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) samples.

In a 2016 study in the journal Pediatrics, transgender children who socially transitioned (meaning they have changed their gender expression, choosing to go by a different name and pronouns and possibly also altering their clothing and hairstyle) and felt supported in their identities had normal levels of depression and only slightly elevated levels of anxiety compared to kids whose gender identity corresponded to their birth sex.

Since to me (and many scientists, although some wanted a lot more corroborative evidence, which they've also gotten) it makes absolutely no sense to presume that the earth would just go about its merry way and keep the climate nice and relatively stable for us (though this rare actual climate scientist pseudo skeptic seems to think it would, based upon some non scientific belief — see second half of this piece), when the earth changes climate easily as it is, climate is ultimately an expression of energy, it is stabilized (right now) by the oceans and ice sheets, and increasing the number of long term thermal radiation / heat energy absorbing and re radiating molecules to levels not seen on earth in several million years would add an enormous influx of energy to the lower atmosphere earth system, which would mildly warm the air and increasingly transfer energy to the earth over time, which in turn would start to alter those stabilizing systems (and which, with increasing ocean energy retention and accelerating polar ice sheet melting at both ends of the globe, is exactly what we've been seeing) and start to reinforce the same process until a new stases would be reached well after the atmospheric levels of ghg has stabilized.