Arrow's impossibility theorem states that rank - voting systems are unable to satisfy the independence of
irrelevant alternatives criterion without exhibiting other undesirable properties as a consequence.
As noted earlier, one of the prevailing critiques of seniority - based layoffs is that it is necessary to lay off more teachers in order to attain a specified budget objective than it would be if districts
used alternative criteria.
Let's just take one case and apply
some alternative criteria to look ahead.
And what are
those alternative criteria for sophistication that White alluded to?
This suggests
an alternative criterion by which to judge changes in student performance - namely, that achievement gains on test items that measure particular skills or understandings may be meaningful even if the student's overall test score does not fully generalize to other exams.
Instead, it advanced
an alternative criterion: the degree of detail in the basic act.