Sentences with phrase «although effects on these outcomes»

The study appears to have found no significant effect on the boys» substance use, although the effect on this outcome was not clearly reported.

Not exact matches

Their results showed that ``... although both oils showed beneficial effects on SCORAD, TEWL [Transepidermal water loss], and skin capacitance values, VCO was significantly better in improving all outcomes.»

Of note, our models may underestimate the true maternal costs of suboptimal breastfeeding; we modeled the effects of lactation on only five maternal health conditions despite data linking lactation with other maternal health outcomes.46 In addition, women in our model could not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or MI before age 35 years, although these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent among young adults.47 Although some studies have found an association between lactation and rates of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetesalthough these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent among young adults.47 Although some studies have found an association between lactation and rates of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetesAlthough some studies have found an association between lactation and rates of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetes and MI.

Most trials of prenatal home visiting have produced disappointing effects on pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight and gestational age, 9,16,17 although one program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses has reduced prenatal tobacco use in two trials18, 19 and has reduced pregnancy - induced hypertension in a large sample of African - Americans.20

Although there are studies of home visiting that report effects of child maltreatment on child and family outcomes, relatively few of them use rigorous methods that support drawing causal inferences about effectiveness.

These findings are all consistent with the growing body of literature on the impact of adverse childhood experiences on neurological, cognitive, emotional and social development, as well as physical health.38 Although some studies have found no relation between physical punishment and negative outcomes, 35 and others have found the relation to be moderated by other factors, 12 no study has found physical punishment to have a long - term positive effect, and most studies have found negative effects.17

Brain injury does not necessarily result in long - term impairment or disability, although the location and extent of damage both have a significant effect on the likely outcome.

The researchers note that the most likely response from industry will involve a combination of the approaches outlined in the study, and although there is a high level of uncertainty in the estimates, the findings provide much needed evidence on the relative effects of different industry responses, and the possible magnitude of health outcomes.

Although there was no effect of dietary sodium on blood pressure for those in the low range, there were more deaths and cases of cardiovascular disease outcomes.

Although there remain some effects of treatment on hearing, endocrine, and neurocognitive outcomes — particularly in younger patients — other late effects common in photon - treated patients, such as cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal toxic effects, were absent.»

«Although this study demonstrates that atrasentan treatment results in clinically significant albuminuria reduction with minimal fluid overload - related or cardiovascular side effects, a larger study on hard renal and / or cardiac outcomes is needed to further support these findings,» said Dr. de Zeeuw.

By combining two or more of these outcomes to create a single category, you can say it helped «A and B» even if it only helped A and not B. For example, although there was no statistically significant effect from tPA in the NINDS trial on the number of patients who died, there was a small decrease in disability for those who survived.

Although preschool has demonstrated positive effects on life - course outcomes, limitations in knowledge on program scale, subgroup differences, and dosage levels have hindered understanding.

«We are seeing overwhelmingly an effect of poverty as an influence on outcomes,» Kuzawa says, although cautioning on extrapolating from one specific set of circumstances in the Philippines to any other country.

Although interallelic complementation between two endogenous mutant alleles has been described in cells from a compound heterozygous patient with methylmalonic acidaemia, no observable effects on disease outcome were noted in the patient [28].

Paternal depression is associated negative child outcomes, including emotional and behavioral problems.14 Although paternal depression does not expose fetuses and infants to the same intrauterine / physiological risks as maternal depression, paternal genetic and psychosocial factors may act directly on the child and indirectly through their effect on maternal well - being.5, 15

Although it is often suggested that children with epilepsy who are benefiting from ketogenic dietary therapy continue this for at least two years, duration of treatment could be shorter in patients with infantile spasms who become seizure - free; one study reported no adverse effect on seizure outcomes and less risk of growth disturbances when treatment was tapered down after 8 months (15).

Although the thermogenic effect of CCRT has the potential to produce significant effects on these metabolic targets as well as on fat absorption and energy intake, possibly via its impact on the gut microbiota and gene expression, a clinically meaningful outcome also depends on compliance by the subjects.

Although short - term randomized clinical trials have shown a beneficial effect of high protein intake, 3,4,20,21 the long - term health consequences of protein intake remain controversial.8,9,22 - 25 In a randomized clinical trial with a 2 - year intervention, 4 calorie - restricted diets with different macronutrient compositions did not show a difference in the effects on weight loss or on improvement of lipid profiles and insulin levels.26 When protein is substituted for other macronutrients, the dietary source of protein appears to be a critical determinant of the outcome.

Although cognitive behavioral therapy and other psychological interventions have been reported to have small to moderate beneficial effects on patient reported outcomes in mild depression, this research is inconclusive.30 More research is needed on whether antidepressants or psychotherapy are superior to exercise or nonspecific attention for mild depression.

Although there were some small - scale random - assignment experiments of the effects of desegregation on test scores, most of what we know today concerns the relationship between a school outcome such as achievement on the one hand, and racial composition on the other.

Although these studies demonstrate how universal programs that teach SEL skills can have an economic impact, it must be noted that estimates are largely based on program effects for more readily monetized outcomes.

Although a teacher can produce measurable effects on student achievement in a single year of instruction, a principal's efforts are likely to require several years before their full effect on student outcomes becomes evident.

Some studies show positive effects on attendance and outcomes in smaller districts, although a 2010 Georgia study found students had improved passing rates on state - administered exams in larger districts.

If sample size is not masking a significant correlation, the greater readability advantage in federal courts may be explained by the factors that depress the summary judgment success rate in state courts: more restrictive state summary judgment standards, the lack of state court resources compared with those in federal court, and state court judges» relative reluctance to grant summary judgment.111 Although greater readability could still influence the outcomes in some state cases, which would be consistent with the slight readability advantage in our sample, on the whole the anti-summary-judgment factors would reduce the potential readability effect on summary judgment outcome.

Although there is limited research on the effects of an individualized, strengths - based approach on child and family outcomes for the population of child welfare clients, prior studies of other service recipients (e.g., early intervention, mental health, elderly services) have found that a family - centered, strengths - based approach is associated with increased service engagement (Green et al., 2004; Shireman, 1998), increased parenting competency (Green et al., 2004; Whitley, 1999), and enhanced interaction among family members (Green et al., 2004; Huebner, Jones, Miller, Custer, & Critchfield, 2006).

Although most outcomes were reviewed at program completion to observe the effects of a high - intensity comprehensive treatment program for low - birth - weight infants, 39 certain outcomes were examined after the first year and provide a test of the home - visiting component on its own.40

Most trials of prenatal home visiting have produced disappointing effects on pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight and gestational age, 9,16,17 although one program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses has reduced prenatal tobacco use in two trials18, 19 and has reduced pregnancy - induced hypertension in a large sample of African - Americans.20

Although there are studies of home visiting that report effects of child maltreatment on child and family outcomes, relatively few of them use rigorous methods that support drawing causal inferences about effectiveness.

Although the effects were small, all three policies had negative effects on some adolescent outcomes, in particular, those adolescents with younger siblings.

«Although wife demand / husband withdraw interactions appear more commonly in couples, in the current study we found financial distress was associated with lower marital outcomes through its effects on increasing the total amount of both partners» demand / withdraw interactions.»

For example, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children entering foster care due to prenatal substance exposure.36 The negative effects of substance exposure on the fetus and developing child have been extensively documented, although scholars emphasize the variability in outcomes as well as the contribution of multiple ecological factors to outcome.37

Research using the DRIVE model has supported the direct effects of these variable groups on outcomes, although little support was found for interactions (Mark & Smith, 2012a; 2012b).

Few studies have specifically addressed this issue.14, 15 A large scale randomized control trial (RCT) comparing CBT, counselling and psychoanalytic therapy with routine care found that, while all active treatments were moderately effective in treating depression and brought about short term benefits in the quality of the mother - infant relationship, there was limited evidence of benefit to infant outcome; and effects (including those on maternal mood) were not apparent at follow - up.16, 17 Similarly, a recent RCT found that, although interpersonal psychotherapy was effective in treating maternal depression, there was no benefit in terms of observed mother - infant interactions, infant negative emotionality, and infant attachment security.18

Research on older children has, however, suggested differential effects according to parental and child gender, although results appear to vary across outcomes.

The choice of multiple t - tests for analysis of the outcome data is considered appropriate, although a simple two - way analysis of variance would have been a better choice and could have examined simultaneously the effects of the treatments on outcome measures and the differences between pre - and post-treatment measurements.

Fact: «Although early research suggests that youth living in two - parent biological families fare better on a range of developmental outcomes than those in single - parent or alternative structures (Amato and Keith, 1991), this research typically finds that effects of family structure on developmental outcomes such as delinquency are not strong (Hetherington and Kelly, 2002)... More tangible differences in family dynamics or circumstances — such as supervision practices — are largely responsible when study groups have different outcomes... The highest rates of delinquency were for youth in father - only households, followed by father - stepmother...»

Although the proposed interaction was not supported for probability of marijuana use, or for frequency of marijuana use or quantity x frequency of alcohol use, there was evidence for protective first - order effects of internalizing symptoms on these outcomes.

Although it was anticipated that the effects of the three parenting dimensions might differ, because of the lack of previous literature on this subject, we did not make differential predictions regarding the effects of the three parenting dimensions, support, structure, and control, on child health care outcomes.

Although the proposed internalizing x externalizing interaction was also not supported as a predictor of growth in amount of use for users (frequency of marijuana use and quantity x frequency of alcohol use), there was evidence for internalizing symptoms as a protective first - order effect on the intercepts of these outcomes.

Although youth living in single - parent households are likely to have lower household income than youth in two - parent households, the effects of family structure may outweigh the effects of income on diabetes outcomes (Swift, Chen, Hershberger, & Holmes, 2006).

The indicators reflect a mixture of process and outcome measures because, although outcome indicators that capture the results of an intervention's effect on participants are preferable, reliable data may not always be available.

Although rigorous randomized controlled trial research shows that the program in its current form appears highly efficacious in altering adolescent substance use outcomes (delaying onset of use, reducing abuse) and building protective factors in the form of youth competencies, the only effects on parents that have been demonstrated are increases in the use of specific parenting behaviors (Spoth and Redmond 2002; Spoth et al. 2002, 2004).