Insulin increases net muscle protein by increasing
amino acid transport into the muscle cell, by increasing protein synthesis and by reducing protein breakdown.
The hormone reversed the abnormally high fetal blood sugar levels observed in the fetuses of obese mice, and it seemed to limit fetal nutrition by reducing levels of certain glucose and
amino acid transport proteins at the placental barrier.
Some animal studies have shown that vanadium, like insulin, can
promote amino acid transport into the cells, but various studies in humans have not confirmed any increase of the muscle mass or athletic endurance after taking vanadium supplements [6].
According to medical experts GH produces this muscle mass by maintaining the body's nitrogen levels and enhancement
of amino acids transport.
(B) Relative proportions of proteins involved in Energy metabolism (C),
Amino acid transport and metabolism (E), Carbohydrate transport and metabolism (G), Lipid metabolism (I) and DNA replication, recombination and repair (L) for G. thermocatenulatus DSM 730T (blue bars), G. uzenensis DSM 23175T (maroon bars) and P. galatctosidasius DSM 18751T (green bars).