«The upper haze is so optically pretty thick that it is only in the stormy regions where the haze is penetrated by powerful updrafts that you can see evidence for
the ammonia ice and the water ice.
Not exact matches
To their surprise, the
ice bubbled like boiling
water at temperatures between -210 C / -346 F
and -120 C / -184 F. Analysis of the gas showed it to be hydrogen molecules, which the researchers believe were formed from methanol
and ammonia broken up by UV irradiation.
On Ceres, the
ice is made up of frozen salt
water and mud, but on Pluto, it's probably
ammonia.
Deep inside, beneath the dust, are pristine
ices —
water ice,
ammonia ice, CO2
ice, carbon monoxide
ice,
and others.
And since its surface is icy and it has a penchant for spewing water and ammonia into space, researchers have concluded it probably has a crust of ice, a watery mantle and a core of solid ro
And since its surface is icy
and it has a penchant for spewing water and ammonia into space, researchers have concluded it probably has a crust of ice, a watery mantle and a core of solid ro
and it has a penchant for spewing
water and ammonia into space, researchers have concluded it probably has a crust of ice, a watery mantle and a core of solid ro
and ammonia into space, researchers have concluded it probably has a crust of
ice, a watery mantle
and a core of solid ro
and a core of solid rock.
The Dawn probe has previously detected salts,
ammonia - rich clays
and water ice on Ceres, which together indicate hydrothermal activity, says study coauthor Carol Raymond, a planetary scientist
Charon, with its weaker gravity, has lost the substances that can turn to vapour
and escape more easily,
and is mostly
water -
ice tainted by
ammonia.
The mountains are made primarily of rock - hard
water ice; the dunes are most likely
ice granules coated with hydrocarbons; volcanoes probably belch methane
and ammonia,
and methane fills the lakes, evaporates to form clouds,
and rains back down to carve out river channels.
They pointed a variety of infrared telescopes at interstellar dust clouds
and discovered dips at specific frequencies corresponding to molecules including methanol,
ammonia,
and water ice.
«Ceres has evidence of
ammonia - bearing hydrated minerals,
water ice, carbonates, salts,
and now organic materials.
In the latter scenario,
water ice would make up 22 percent of the cloud head
and ammonia ice 55 percent.
The key finding: cloud particles at the top of the great storm are composed of a mix of three substances:
water ice,
ammonia ice,
and an uncertain third constituent that is possibly ammonium hydrosulfide.
In addition, optical
and radar images of the surface show signs of cryovolcanism — geyserlike eruptions of
ammonia -
water ice — which also indicates that material wells up from the interior.
Discovered in 1978 by the United States Naval Observatory, Charon is the largest of Pluto's five moons
and is only half the size of Pluto
and one - eighth of its mass, with a surface dominated by a mixture of
water ice and frozen
ammonia.
This new finding is important because it's one of the first exoplanets in this mass range that lies beyond the «snow line» — the distance during formation of a planetary system beyond which
ice can form from
water,
ammonia,
and methane.
The detailed analysis of the spectra suggests that Sromovsky's team has observed
ice particles, made of a mixture of
water and ammonia (which gives urine its smell).
While exposed
water ice would not be stable at the surface of Ceres at its relatively close distance to the Sun,
water and ammonia do appear to be bound up in crustal minerals on the asteroid's surface.