Sentences with phrase «amount by the standard deviation»
Standard scores were derived by subtracting the mean score from the observed score and dividing the amount by the standard deviation for that distribution of scores.
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At worst, the taxpayers of Illinois paid $ 51 per student and saw test scores decrease by 0.002 of a standard deviation, a negligible amount.
We therefore report the estimated effects of a one standard deviation increase in the amount of competition faced by a given public school by each measure.
The smallest amount of slippage was in 4th - grade math, where standards fell by 0.06 standard deviations.
Within - class and cross-grade programs, which entail moderate amounts of curricular adjustment, boost test scores of higher aptitude students by about 0.2 to 0.3 standard deviations, or by 2 to 3 months on a grade - equivalent scale.
I also have had a lower amount of volatility (as measured by standard deviation of day - over-day returns) then my benchmark index (the S&P / TSX Composite Index).
The percent swing in annual returns is much lower (only a 5.6 % amount for one standard deviation), but you stand to earn a whole lot less over time by investing in these much more conservative instruments (only 5.3 % annually).
The «noise level,» that is, the amplitude of internal variability, approximated here by the standard deviation (σ) of the OHC time series after the linear trend is removed, amounts to 0.77 × 1022 J from 2004 to 2015 (Table 1).
P (Obs calendar - age = y) does not change much when y changes by a small amount, small enough that the carbon - 14 age changes by much less than the standard deviation of the measurement error.
Now suppose that one region warms by 1 standard deviation while the other does not (or more generally, that they simply warm by different amounts), but that there is no change in variability in either region.
For illustration, let's take the most simple case of a normal distribution that is shifted towards the warm end by a given amount — say one standard deviation.