The level of gasoline consumption limits
the amount of ethanol that may be used in the gasoline pool at any fixed blending level, such as the 10 % ethanol blend (E10) that is predominant in the current U.S. gasoline supply.
Similar field trials conducted for switchgrass were disappointing: producing roughly the same
amount of ethanol per acre as corn — a result that glaringly contradicts the results I cited above.
But they're getting some good news too — good news that seems to be in direct contradiction of CARB's findings — the EPA is considering ramping up
the amount of ethanol required in the nation's gasoline from 10 % to 15 %.
API Downstream Group Director Bob Greco told reporters EPA is right to use its waiver authority to set the requirements below the original congressional mandate, calling it an acknowledgment of the «market limitations of the ethanol blend wall» —
the amount of ethanol that can be safely blended into the fuel supply as E10 gasoline that's standard across the country.
Finally, the red and bluelines are
the amount of ethanol that would be missing from the market if ethanol blending was capped at 400,000 bbl / d.
On the other hand, 75 percent expressed concern about government requirements that would increase
the amount of ethanol in gasoline, while 72 percent oppose higher taxes that could decrease investment in energy production and reduce energy development.
Key findings from the survey of 1,000 registered voters include 74 percent agreeing that federal regulations could contribute to increased costs for gasoline to consumers and 68 percent who're concerned about government regulations that would increase
the amount of ethanol in gasoline.
Refiners consequently do not have the incentive to produce the annually increasing, full
amount of ethanol required to be blended into gas under the law each year.
Whatever you grow that you don't use for food can then be fed into biofuel production (as well as biochar production, as a soil amendment, meaning NEGATIVE emissions), and then you have
some amount of ethanol, biodiesel, or bio-based hydrocarbon product.
One key topic of current concern is the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)-- a law that requires annual increases in
the amount of ethanol to be added to gasoline.
These vehicles have an extra sensor that in layman's terms shines a light through the fuel into an eye that can determine the amount the light «flexes» as it passes through the fuel and can adjust the fuel / air ratio of the engine according to
the amount of ethanol in the fuel.
The bacteria and yeast in the grains utilize sugar to produce lactic acid, carbon dioxide and a small
amount of ethanol.
We know
that amount of ethanol metabolized by the stomach differs by sex [Frezza M, 1990], but I see no reason why this would exclude women from the «no drinking during a fast» rule.
The molecule was dissolved in a buffer containing an unusually large
amount of ethanol.
«
The amount of ethanol produced by chemical catalysis is around 70 or 80 gallons perton,» says Wes Bolsen, chief marketing officer for Coskata, located in Warrenville, Illinois.
Alcohol beverages are drinks that contain certain
amount of ethanol.
A proposal to reduce
the amount of ethanol in gas could mean big changes for gas prices and grocery bills.
What's more, even small
amounts of ethanol stalled the growth of microbial «weeds» that crowd out the beetles» food source, like the fungus Penicillium.
But only moderate
amounts of ethanol can be added to gasoline without requiring engine modifications.
By applying varying
amounts of ethanol and APS to paper that is coated with copolymers, the researchers were able to control the swelling and shrinking of the molecules and generate the colors and patterns needed to create a picture.
Midwestern GOP Senators held up Trump's nominees for EPA positions until they were reassured no changes would be made to the RFS, that mandates refiners purchase ever - increasing
amounts of ethanol.
In recent years, politicians set impossibly high mandates for
the amounts of ethanol motorists must buy in 2022 while also setting impossibly high standards for the fuel economy of cars sold in 2025.
Mandates in recent energy legislation have ordered increasing
amounts of ethanol in the nation's fuel mix.
But if Brazil starts exporting large
amounts of ethanol it must be prepared to impede ranchers and farmers from cutting further into forests.
Not exact matches
«I'm sure if you asked industry, they're going to say it's ambitious in terms
of the
amount of goods that are being moved in crude or in
ethanol currently.»
In 2008, subsidies to produce corn
ethanol reduced the
amount of corn available for food.
Last year about 1.6 billion bushels
of corn were fermented in the United States to produce 4 billion gallons
of ethanol, double the
amount for 2001.
«The idea is that a small reduction in alcohol — such as beer with four per cent
ethanol content versus six per cent — would reduce alcohol intake per drinker even if the same overall
amount of beverage is consumed,» says Dr. Jürgen Rehm, lead author and Director
of the Institute for Mental Health Policy Research at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto, Canada.
Two recent reports noted that corn - based
ethanol production is upping food prices and consuming worrisome
amounts of water.
If all the brewery's CO2 could be stored in this way, the
ethanol could become a biofuel to burn, one that actually reduces the
amount of CO2 in the air and that seems to be one
of the last hopes on offer to keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius.
The Obama administration seems to agree, granting $ 786 million in 2009 for biofuels research and setting up the Biofuels Interagency Working Group to study how best to meet the renewable fuel standard mandated by Congress that will require increasing the
amount of renewable fuels, such as
ethanol, to 36 billion gallons by 2022.
«We found that with a given
amount of biomass you could produce more transportation and greenhouse gas offsets with electricity than with
ethanol.»
All use
of biomass — whether for
ethanol or electricity — runs the risk
of displacing food crops, however, as well as the need for large
amounts of water.
Rats were exposed to an acute stress for one hour, and then 15 hours later, researchers measured the
amount of sugar water laced with
ethanol that the mice drank.
But the research suggests that even if researchers maximized the capacity to grow biofuels on all marginal lands, «the
amount of cellulosic
ethanol it could produce is only enough to provide 1.5 percent
of U.S. transportation fuel by 2020.»
As someone that has spent a fair
amount of time looking at the GHG impacts
of ethanol from a LCA perspective, I think everyone is in agreement that corn is the least beneficial, while sugarcane and cellulosic are the most promisisng.
The second is that someone will ask the candidate whether he or she supports the Renewable Fuel Standard, or RFS: the federal program that, among other things, requires all gasoline sold in this country to contain a minimum
amount of «renewable biofuel» — which in Iowa,
of course, means corn - based
ethanol.
The three trials compared post-exercise protein synthesis with three different treatments: a post-exercise feeding regimen providing protein intake for optimal muscle protein synthesis [8](2 feedings
of 25 g high quality protein at 0 and 4 h
of recovery: PRO), a trial in which the subjects consumed 1.5 g · kg − 1 BM
ethanol plus an energy match for recommended protein feedings in the form
of carbohydrate (ALC - CHO), and ALC - PRO in which the same
amount of alcohol was consumed in addition to protein intake in PRO also ingested at 0 and 4 h post-exercise (see Figure 1).
If you give your dog a significant
amount of beer or any alcoholic beverage, you are putting them at a risk
of developing
ethanol toxicosis.
How much sunlight is absorbed by the corn plants needed to manufacture one joule's worth
of ethanol, for example, compared to the
amount of sunlight a solar panel needs to generate one joule
of electricity?
And while I'm not personally a fan
of ethanol, the plant described at the following link seems to address many
of the concerns about
ethanol and big - scale farming by treating wastes from one process as feedstock into another and reducing the
amount of energy required at each stage.
The RFS, which requires increasingly large
amounts of biofuels — mostly corn - based
ethanol — to be blended into gasoline each year, will come to the forefront again when EPA finalizes 2014 biofuels levels by June...
As we're seeing with corn based
ethanol, the
amount of subsidy is based entirely on political considerations and not on whether the fuel provides a public good.
You then take that
ethanol and burn it into an internal combustion engine that is maybe 20 - 30 % efficient, and you end up with a tremendous
amount of wasted energy... And you've used up farmland that could instead have grown food for human consumption, increasing food prices by reducing supply.
The RFS requires refiners to blend enormous
amounts of biofuel, mostly corn - based
ethanol, into gasoline.
The production
of ethanol for fuel in the US uses huge
amounts of land, some
of which was brought back into production for this purpose, large
amounts of energy to the point there is probably a net loss, major water consumption, and little savings in net CO2 emissions (which are plant food anyway.)
It will still take massive
amounts of land to produce the inputs necessary to create cellulosic
ethanol, and these inputs must be cheap enough such that they make it into the market place.
• For eight full years — 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1997, and 1998 —
ethanol cost at least three times more than an energy - equivalent
amount of gasoline.
Every increase in
ethanol use as fuel will increases the
amount of ozone pollution in the United States.
I have previously weighed in on the current status
of cellulosic
ethanol technology, as well as the
amount of biomass required for implementation.