Sentences with phrase «amount of water vapour»

A problem is the RH constant and vary T method does not change the amount of water vapour in each cell by the same amount so if w is water vapour amount (they just define it as water vapour) I can not see how their kernel is applied.

Adding water vapour to the surface layer increases Eu, but adding the same amount of water vapour to the upper layer decreases Eu.

The article shows a graph of three water vapour profiles, all with the same total amount of water vapour.

Miskolczi postulates that the amount of water vapour is determined by the requirement of the «maximum entropy principle» such that the optical depth adjusts to maximize the OLR, and Bo for any given surface temperature.

This means that changes in specific humidity in the upper troposphere (300 — 700 mb) may be very significant even though the amount of water vapour there is low due to the cold temperatures.

-- GHGs can work both as forcing and as feedback, the notion is clear, also that water vapour is a positive feedback effect — When water warms the amount of water vapour will increase, as will C02

It is likely that every year annual variance in the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere exceeds the warming effects of human CO2.

As climate forcing and temperature increase, the amount of water vapour in the air increases and clouds may change.

a) The same amount of water vapour in condensed form and b) That initial quantity of air and c) More air and water vapour imported from the surroundings.

This is because ultimately it is the temperature differences between the ocean surface and the upper atmosphere that causes the amount of water vapour that ends up producing the heat energy in the upper atmosphere that in turn causes the instability.

Source: Lyman 2010 The reaction of the oceans to climate change are some of the most profound across the entire environment, including disruption of the ocean food chain through chemical changes caused by CO2, the ability of the sea to absorb CO2 being limited by temperature increases, (and the potential to expel sequestered CO2 back into the atmosphere as the water gets hotter), sea - level rise due to thermal expansion, and the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere.

Relative humidity is the fraction of water vapour in a small parcel of air relative to the total amount of water vapour the air could contain at the given temperature and pressure.

This assumption means that if temperatures increase for any reason, the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere increases.

The amount of water vapour can also go up with a falling temperature.

What drives the amount of water vapour in air is the absolute pressure.

The amount of water vapour can stay the same or on some occasions, rise with increasing temperatures.

In an air - water vapour mixture the amount of water vapour can fall with rising temperatures.

And what, pray tell, determines the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere?

The internal structure of the ice is always masked in the summer, it's due to the amount of water vapour and surface melt.

Thus it is a measure of specific humidity (the total amount of water vapour in the parcel).

A small amount of water vapour won't make the material swell but will help keep the fabric fresh for longer.

Source: Lyman 2010 The reaction of the oceans to climate change are some of the most profound across the entire environment, including disruption of the ocean food chain through chemical changes caused by CO2, the ability of the sea to absorb CO2 being limited by temperature increases, (and the potential to expel sequestered CO2 back into the atmosphere as the water gets hotter), sea - level rise due to thermal expansion, and the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere.

At temperate latitudes in the northern hemisphere, air traffic has increased the amount of water vapour in the lower stratosphere by about 10 per cent over the past thirty years.

Combining observations from satellites and ground stations with climate models, they evaluated different factors that affect telescope vision, such as the amount of water vapour, wind speeds and atmospheric turbulence.

According to the accepted view, the formation of the Earth released vast amounts of water vapour and carbon dioxide, which formed a thick atmosphere and caused strong greenhouse warming at a time when the Sun was 15 to 20 per cent fainter than today.

This rapid turnover means that even if human activity was directly adding or removing significant amounts of water vapour (it isn't), there would be no slow build - up of water vapour as is happening with CO2 (see Climate myths: Human CO2 emissions are tiny compared with natural sources).

[Response: There is a fundamental difference btw the stratosphere and the troposphere because of the presence of massive amounts of water vapour — implying that the LW absorption is far more (spectrally) widespread than in the stratosphere.

Forests also emit large amounts of water vapour, which reflects solar radiation back into space.

The increases in precipitation seen at higher latitudes are a result of increasing amounts of water vapour in the atmosphere.

Not exact matches

In addition, it was already known via the Clausius - Clapeyron relation, that warmer air can hold more water vapour: the amount is about 7 % more per degree Celsius of warming.

In a 1956 study, small amounts of ammonia in air and water vapour were subjected to dogs to cause vibrant coughs or paroxysms of coughing, with larger amounts of coughing with a higher concentration of ammonia.

ENSO changes the cloud cover and water vapour amounts and so you would expect it to affect the Top - of - the - atmosphere radiation balance which changes the overall amount of heat in the system.

Alastair notes that increased water vapour will carry more energy to the surface of the glaciers, likewise these increased water flows over, through and under the glaciers is also transferring vast amounts of energy into the ice.

[Response: These feedbacks are indeed modelled because they depend not on the trace greenhouse gas amounts, but on the variation of seasonal incoming solar radiation and effects like snow cover, water vapour amounts, clouds and the diurnal cycle.

Perhaps this isn't an issue because it would take an impossibly large amount of CO2 [and water vapour] for the emission altitude to reach the tropopause, but it's an aspect of this sort of explanation that I haven't been able to work out in my head.

On the real planet, there are multitudes of feedbacks that affect other greenhouse components (ice alebdo, water vapour, clouds etc.) and so the true issue for climate sensitivity is what these feedbacks amount to.

What amount of water loss (as vapour) would that be?

(c) The level of water vapour depends on the global temperature, so it is roughly fixed until something else warms the atmosphere when it increases in amount producing more warming.

However, human activities have only a small direct influence on the amount of atmospheric water vapour.»

The observed regional changes are consistent in pattern and amount with the changes in SST and the assumption of a near - constant relative humidity increase in water vapour mixing ratio.

Higher modelled temperature in the troposphere enables the general circulation model to assume there is more water vapour in the troposphere which amplifies the CO2 forcing by increasing the amount of water vapor in troposphere.

Introducing the snow / ice feedback also affects the amount of energy trapped by water vapour.

Empirical data show clearly that the IPCC's deterministic models overestimate the amount of warming associated with increases in water vapour (see paper summaries in NIPCC - II, Chapter 1).

Microwave radiometers are very sensitive gauges of energy transmitted from the Earth which scientists can use to judge the amount of water, ice or water vapour underneath the spacecraft's flight path.

A naturally occurring mixture of gases, chiefly nitrogen and oxygen with small amounts of argoin, carbon dioxide and water vapour - we sometimes call this our atmosphere

As far as water vapor in the tropics, they even say» In the humid equatorial regions, where there is so much water vapour in the air that the greenhouse effect is very large, adding a small additional amount of CO2 or water vapour has only a small direct impact on downward infrared radiation.»

(a) Convection accounts for approximately 67 % of the total amount of heat transfer from the Earth's surface to the troposphere, the condensation of water vapour for 25 % and radiation accounts for only 8 %.

In the humid equatorial regions, where there is so much water vapour in the air that the greenhouse effect is very large, adding a small additional amount of CO2 or water vapour has only a small direct impact on downward infrared radiation.

Most of the latent heat contained in water vapour is subsequently released to the atmosphere during the formation of precipitating clouds, although a minor amount may be returned directly to the surface during dew or frost deposition.

None - the-less it gels with the amount of cooling which I found water vapour provides in my study of temperature data.