As King explains it, this channel is the first step in the process of
amplifying pain signals up the spinal cord to the brain.
Chronic pain may be due to an overabundance of a protein, which
amplifies the pain signal to the brain.
But when the immune system becomes activated in response to an illness or injury, glia in regions associated with pain processing seem to take on another role: They release inflammatory molecules that interact with nearby neurons to
amplify pain signals.
Animal studies have revealed several ways in which opioids may
amplify pain signals in the central nervous system, suggesting targets for drugs that could counter the effect.
In effect, this sodium channel
amplifies the pain signal so it can be «heard» by the brain, says King.
Not exact matches
Researchers already knew that even without opioids, some people with chronic
pain from nerve damage or fibromyalgia, for example, experience hyperalgesia when normal
pain signaling gets reinforced and
amplified over time.
They release more and more neurotoxic chemicals, and those, in turn, excite neurons, creating a feedback loop: overstimulated glia cause more and more inflammation, which activates stronger
pain signals from neurons and
amplifies pain.