An international team of researchers has shown how
anaerobic microbes in oil deposits around the world — including in unconventional sources such as the oil sands — naturally break down crude oil into methane in the reservoir.
However,
anaerobic microbes in many habitats died out in massive numbers, including the climate - warming methanogens, during the «Great Oxygenation Event» (or «Great Oxidation Event») between Years 2.2 and 2.3 billion.
Not exact matches
remember tho, even if disposables went biodegradable, they would still need the presence of oxygen and aerobic and
anaerobic microbes to break down, something
in short supply
in landfills.
Instead of mitochondria (the cellular engines that convert oxygen to energy, present
in all other known animal cells), these creatures contain structures resembling hydrogenosomes, the organelles that
anaerobic microbes use to generate energy.
Anaerobic microsites
in soil are microscopic habitats lacking oxygen
in which
microbes are limited
in their ability to metabolize soil organic matter into climate - active CO2 that is released to the atmosphere.
Traditionally, suppressing oxygen while feeding biodegradable waste to
microbes results
in the production of methane - rich gas through
anaerobic digestion.
On the other hand, many
anaerobic microbes including methanogens are easily poisoned by oxygen, and the recent discovery of banded sediments with rusted iron on Akilia Island
in West Greenland suggests that oxygen - producing, photosynthetic
microbes (e.g., cyanobacteria) living on the surface of wet areas to gather sunlight may have developed by the end of this geologic period (3.85 billion years ago) despite continuing bombardment from space.
In warming areas that grow boggier every year, this might mean ensuring that there is enough oxygen - rich moving water, which would make the area less hospitable to
anaerobic microbes that belch large quantities of methane.
Diminishment of cometary and meteoric bombardment allowed
anaerobic microbes to spread widely
in wet habitats.
Adapted to their very hot but watery environment, these
microbes metabolized hydrogen - rich compounds or dead or live organic materials to derive the energy that sustains
anaerobic life, including sulfate - reducing bacteria that produce Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), fermentative bacteria that produce carbon dioxide and alcohol -LRB-- OH), and methanogenic bacteria — the methanogens found
in sewage and mudflats today — that produce methane (CH4) gas as a waste product.
Prior experience
in manipulation of
anaerobic microbes, mouse infection models, analytical chemistry or bioinformatics are desirable (but not required).
Many of the bacterial species
in the young children with CF, he noted, were «
anaerobic»
microbes that thrive
in conditions of very low oxygen.
is a collaborative research project
in collaboration with Marissa Benedict that explored, among other things, Joseph Beuys, the material movement of Chicago and its history, the lifestyle of urban coyotes, diving for
anaerobic microbes and much more
It turns out that the overlying fresh water aquifer
in the glacial till (deposited during the last glacial max) helps maintain an enormous biogenic nursery within the underlying Antrim (the
anaerobic microbes need fresh water).
CO2 + 4 H2 → CH4 + 2 H2O CH3COOH → CH4 + CO2 This kind of
anaerobic degradation of organic carbon
in melting permafrost generates methane, However, it's hard to assign energetics
in detail to these processes since there are other
microbes involved... «Energetics of syntrophic cooperation
in methanogenic degradation.