While researchers often shy away from using rankings in serious statistical
analyses of test scores, they can have a substantial impact on political rhetoric, and consequently, education policy.
An analysis of test score gains made by students in 49 countries which was published in Ed Next last year found that students in the U.S. were not on track to close the global achievement gap.
The San Jose Mercury News conducted a statewide
analysis of the test scores of studefnts who stayed in schools that kept their bilingual programs and those that shifted to intensive English immersion with rapid mainstreaming.
Like teacher ratings, ratings of principals that are not based on statistical
analysis of test scores tend to have little differentiation, with a Lake Wobegon effect in which everyone looks good.
As Dropout Nation noted last week in its report on teacher evaluations, even the most - rigorous classroom observation approaches are far less accurate in identifying teacher quality than either value - added
analysis of test score data or even student surveys such as the Tripod system used by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as part of its Measures of Effective Teaching project.
Harvard researcher Brian Jacob (2002), for example, conducted an in - depth
analysis of test scores in Chicago Public Schools during a period (1993 — 2000) when student achievement increased by.30 standard deviations (12 percentile points) in mathematics and.20 standard deviations (8 percentile points) in reading.
Not exact matches
«Our data indicate that head trauma events can be effectively identified by K - D
test time
scores, and that
analyses of this new measure in future studies can establish its role as a rapid sideline screening
test for concussion,» she writes.
Now an
analysis by Ian Deary at the University
of Edinburgh, UK, and his team has found that a higher
test score in childhood was linked with a 28 per cent lower risk
of death from respiratory disease and a 25 per cent reduction in coronary heart disease risk.
«Assisted reproduction not associated with reduced academic performance in adolescence: US Nationwide
analysis of more than 8,000 ART children finds no difference in educational
test scores.»
«Strikingly, further
analysis showed a strong association between DNA methylation levels
of these markers in monocytes and neuropsychological
test function, measured using a composite
score of multiple cognitive domains,» said Dr. Maunakea, Assistant Professor, Department
of Native Hawaiian Health, JABSOM and co-senior author
of the study.
However, these correlations emerge only through multivariate
analyses that control for the more dominant correlations
of test scores with demographic variables — systematics for which graduate admissions committees rarely correct quantitatively.
Although the study was not powered to detect an effect
of treatment on cognition (findings to be reported separately), in a post hoc
analysis, we noted that final cognitive
test scores were correlated to the rate
of atrophy.
An
analysis of published studies found no evidence that low - dose aspirin buffers against cognitive decline or dementia or improves cognitive
test scores.
In a random effects
analysis, ALE
scores were
tested against a null hypothesis
of random distribution across the brain, thereby identifying those regions where empirical ALE values were higher than could be expected by chance.
The
analysis of 121 people found that those with lower vitamin B12 levels
scored worse on cognitive
tests, and had smaller brain volumes as revealed by MRI scans.
For them, the number
of test -
score observations included in the
analysis ranges from almost 7,800 in grade 5 to 3,000 in grade 8.
Catherine Snow: Incorporating Rich Language in Early Education Educations Funders Researchers Initiative, November 18, 2013 «Taking on the task
of improving reading skills, for all children and especially for those
scoring at the bottom
of the skill distribution, requires three simple things: first, we must provide all children with experiences designed to ensure a broad knowledge base and rich language before entry to kindergarten; second, we must redesign post-primary instruction to focus on discussion,
analysis, critique, and synthesis; and third, we must redirect resources from
testing children to assessing what is actually going on inside classrooms,» writes Professor Catherine Snow.
In its own
analysis, ANet says the number
of its youngsters who
scored proficient or above on state
tests last year increased by 7 percentage points in English and 4 percentage points in math in Chicago, and by 5 points in English and 3 points in math in New Orleans.
But their strongest evidence comes from
analyses that identify students who took one
of those courses online and the other in person, and ask whether a given student's 10th - grade
test scores were higher or lower in the subject he or she took online.
We ran a regression
analysis to estimate the relationship between states» absolute and relative poverty levels and student achievement, and the result was clear: absolute poverty is a powerful predictor
of achievement, while the relationship between relative poverty and
test scores in the U.S. is weak and not statistically significant (see Figure 5).
Several websites provide
analysis of raw
test scores, and some also collect parental reviews
of schools.
As noted above, one
of the benefits
of the
analysis presented here is that it relies on student performance on NAEP, which should be relatively immune from such
test -
score «inflation» since it is not used as a high - stakes
test under NCLB or any other accountability system.
An
analysis of New York's state
test results reveals that the
tests have become significantly easier to pass over the last four years, so state education officials will be recalibrating the
scoring for
tests that were taken by students this spring.
Our study overcomes the limits
of short - term
analysis by asking: when schools face accountability pressure, do their efforts to raise
test scores generate improvements in higher education attainment, earnings, and other long - term outcomes?
Perhaps the most surprising result
of the
analysis, reported in the figure below, is that the modest positive correlation between
test scores and opt - out seen in the table above becomes negative once free / reduced lunch is taken into account.
With a few exceptions, our
analysis sample closely resembles the nation in terms
of student demographics (e.g., percentage African American and percentage Hispanic), observed socioeconomic traits (e.g., the poverty rate), and measures
of the levels and pre-NCLB trends in NAEP
test scores.
After further
analysis, the state concluded that
test scores had improved enough at 10
of the city's schools to lift them out
of that category.
M. Danish Shakeel, Kaitlin Anderson, and I just released a meta -
analysis of 19 «gold standard» experimental evaluations
of the
test -
score effects
of private school choice programs around the world.
Our meta -
analysis avoided all three factors that have muddied the waters on the
test -
score effects
of private school choice.
Still, even a modicum
of school choice and competition can boost student
test scores, especially when combined with a comprehensive examination system for high - school graduates, says Ludger Woessmann, whose systematic, sophisticated
analyses of international
test -
score data best summarize what can be learned from abroad.
According to an
analysis by Eric Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann and Paul Peterson, Indiana was toward the back
of the pack when it came to
test score gains on the National Assessment
of Educational Progress in reading, math, and science from the early 1990s until today.
An initial problem with their
analysis is that Amrein and Berliner disregarded the magnitude
of any changes in
test scores.
Winters's
analysis, «Florida Defeats the Skeptics:
Test scores show real progress in the Sunshine State,» will appear in the Fall issue
of Education Next and will be available at www.educationnext.org.
The brief progress report on student performance in those subjects, released last week by the U.S. Department
of Education, is the latest study
of scores in the long - term trends
analysis that uses National Assessment
of Educational Progress
tests.
Official policy statements indicate that inspectors place substantial weight on
test scores, which is borne out by
analysis of the data.
In fact, in a multivariate
analysis Schneider et al. find that black parents, as well as less - educated parents, place a higher priority on the
test scores in a school than do other groups
of parents.
An
analysis in our recently published book examines the NAEP
test -
score trends in the four states that have implemented court remedies the longest, and demonstrates that, despite spending increases amounting to billions
of dollars, the achievement patterns in three
of them — Wyoming, New Jersey, and Kentucky — are largely unchanged from what they were in the early 1990s, before the court - ordered remedies commenced.
In the end, our
analysis of charter school effectiveness is based on the experiences
of only those students for whom we observe annual gains (whether positive or negative) in
test scores at least once in a charter school and at least once in a traditional public school.
The researchers also conducted a
test -
score analysis separately for schools in Miami - Dade County, which is Florida's largest district (345,000 students) and offers a wide range
of grade configurations up through grade 8.
My colleagues and I just released a meta -
analysis of 19 «gold standard» experimental evaluations
of the
test -
score effects
of private school choice programs around the world.
We began our
analysis by comparing the vote shares
of incumbent school board members who ran and faced an opponent with the
test -
score performance
of the schools and districts they represented.
The council's Beating the Odds VI report, a city - by - city
analysis of student performance, recently revealed that urban students»
scores on state assessments in reading and math as well as on the more rigorous federal
test — the National Assessment
of Educational Progress (NAEP)-- are rising, with urban students making the most gains in mathematics.
Our basic approach in this
analysis was to compare the probability
of running (or running and facing a challenger) between incumbents who oversaw districts with stronger and weaker year - over-year
test scores.
The darker bars track the returns to experience in terms
of teachers» ability to improve
test scores, based on a recent
analysis of North Carolina secondary schools.
Harvard economist Caroline Hoxby's quantitative
analyses suggest that competition from vouchers in Milwaukee and from charters in Michigan and Arizona have improved the
test scores of all students, even those «left behind» in district schools.
In its
analysis, the California Charter School Association compared one year
of growth in state
test scores in each Los Angeles charter school with that in three regular public schools run by the Los Angeles Unified School District.
We caution, however, that our
analysis is correlational rather than causal, so these patterns
of findings are merely suggestive that socioeconomic
test score gaps persist relatively unabated regardless
of the degree
of socioeconomic integration at the school level, and are far from definitive.
A detailed
analysis means that an app will be storing all the data about you, such as how much
of your syllabus is completed, what topics you have searched, how many online
tests you have taken and what your
scores are in those, or how was your ranking among all.
As the authors
of the meta -
analysis point out, there are many known, malleable predictors
of achievement
test scores that have much higher associations with achievement than measures
of grit, e.g., study skills,
test anxiety, and learning strategies.
For purposes
of this
analysis, we constructed a data set that contained pupil - level
test scores for about 220,000 students.