The film plays like a story that might come out through dream
analysis during therapy sessions, as it perfectly tells in metaphor what Shyamalan thinks of himself in terms of the cinematic universe.
In a meta -
analysis of 70 published studies (including 9,957 children and parents, and a core set of 51 randomized controlled trials with 6,282 mothers and children), Bakermans - Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn & Juffer8 demonstrated that the most effective attachment - based interventions to improve parent sensitivity (d = 0.33, p <.001) and promote secure infant - caregiver attachment (d = 0.20, p <.001) included the following characteristics: (1) a clear and exclusive focus on behavioural training for parent sensitivity rather than a focus on sensitivity plus support, or a focus on sensitivity plus support plus internal representations (e.g. individual
therapy); (2) the use of video feedback; (3) fewer than five
sessions (fewer than five
sessions were as effective as five to 16
sessions, and 16
sessions or more were least effective); (4) a later start, i.e. after the infant is six months or older (rather than
during pregnancy or before age six months); and (5) conducted by non-professionals.