Sentences with phrase «animal models such»

According to the American Spaniel Club Foundation, «Cataracts are the most common cause of vison impairment in humans and are often observed in animal models such as mice, sheep, cattle and swine.

Instead of focusing on marine animals, they use animal models such as freshwater zebrafish, salamanders, fruit flies and nematode worms that share many of their genes with humans.

The experts explain that many of the state - of - the - art technologies are required to tease out relevant information from model systems, whether these be organoids or «classical animal models such as the fruit fly, zebra fish or mouse,» adds Milán.

With the advent of new gene editing techniques, some less common animal models such as octopuses may find their way into scientists» toolkits.

Not exact matches

The Volvo S90 2017 model banners its «moose detector,» a trio of radar, camera and software aimed at identifying large animals on the road and avoiding situations such as car - deer collisions.

Such models may add something to our understanding of animal behavior.

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

It is illegal to use an animal for an experiment if there is an alternative, such as a computer model.

We do not cover developments of interest only to specialists, such as new animal models of a disease or the opening of new science research centres.

But the models also indicated that the birds» coordination would have to be exceptionally precise to make a difference, and many scientists had doubted that the animals could achieve such a feat during flight, says ecophysiologist Steven Portugal at the Royal Veterinary College in Hatfield, UK.

Researchers performed a meta - analysis of literature examining patients with NASH, and then tested their hypothesis using an animal model, which enabled them to eliminate possible confounders of the clinical data, such as antibiotic exposure and medical comorbidities.

Whales and dolphins could provide a useful model for research into such impacts, largely because their sounds are relatively easy to study: They are among the loudest noises any animal has ever made, reaching as much as 188 decibels in the blue whale.

Such complexities are not accounted for in animal models, Hamilton said.

Ojima says, «Once we have drug candidates that are ready to go into animal models, preclinical studies, toxicology, and such things, it really takes companies to do that.»

Why the drug combination works in resistant CML Why such a combination of the two inhibitor types works in an animal model has now been explained by Prof. Stephan Grzesiek's team at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel and Dr. Wolfgang Jahnke from Novartis, by a structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).

«With further development, the new microendoscope could be used to image neuron activity in previously inaccessible parts of the brain such as the visual cortex of primate animal models,» said Ohayon.

Scaling their model up to a shark 21 feet long and weighing 7,300 pounds — akin to the largest of living white sharks — they found that such an animal opening its jaws to a 35 degree angle could squeeze its prey with almost 4,000 pounds of force.

In all, the researchers used a set of mathematical models to reveal that today animals only have about 6 % of their former capacity to move such nutrients away from «hot spots» and across the oceans and land.

Working with an animal model, the researchers found that a type of cell present in the brain's primary processing area during early development, long thought to form structural scaffolding with no role in transmitting sensory information, may conduct such signals after all.

Importantly, these devices also will open up new approaches to drug development not possible with animal models today, such as personalized medicines and development of therapeutics for specific genetic subpopulations using chips created using cells from particular patients.»

The most important advancement in medicine in the last 25 years was the development of genetic modeling in animals, enabling us to figure out how fundamental mechanisms of physiology and disease work, such as in bone loss.

In past studies to develop a new animal model for the brain events that support motor development, neurophysiologist Martin Garwicz of Lund University in Sweden and his colleagues discovered that the schedules by which ferrets and rats acquire various motor skills, such as crawling and walking, are strikingly similar to each other; the progress simply happens faster for rats.

«That means we can study such brain states in animal models like flies or mice without worrying about whether they have «feelings» or not.

If the findings of the study are replicated in other animal models, such as pigs, they could have considerable implications for public health, says Oluf Pedersen, professor of genomic medicine at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research at the University of Copenhagen.

Such ease of use will likely encourage the use of more animal models in the study of human diseases, says Rhonda Wiler, a geneticist at biotech giant Genentech in San Francisco, California, who co-chairs the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use (which organized the workanimal models in the study of human diseases, says Rhonda Wiler, a geneticist at biotech giant Genentech in San Francisco, California, who co-chairs the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use (which organized the workAnimal Use (which organized the workshop).

(At the other extreme, animals such as horses, who have a long gestation and then walk almost immediately after they are born, also fit the model.)

Using a combination of human or specially engineered mouse cells in vitro and in vivo animal models, study senior investigator Judy Lieberman, MD, PhD; study lead investigator Farokh Dotiwala, PhD, with a team lead by the Brazilian parasitologist Ricardo Gazzinelli, DSc, DVM, found that when an immune killer cell, such as a T - cell or natural killer (NK) cell, encounters a cell infected with any of three intracellular parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii or Leishmania major), it releases three proteins that together kill both the parasite and the infected cell:

Recent work by the same group of researchers showed that such disruptions in sleep were also a hallmark of fetal alcohol syndrome, both in animal models and in people.

First, the researchers developed a model of Parkinson's in zebrafish — the first such animal model of the disease — and exposed them to ziram so that they lost dopamine.

«Use of such a clinically - relevant large animal model allows us to begin tackling the next challenges on the road to translating this novel therapeutic strategy to human patients.»

Also, research in other animal models, such as rodents, has shown anesthesia exposure early in life can lead to cell death in the brain and cognitive impairments.

The model shows that if animals are still doing what they did before habitat damage caused by decades of agricultural intensification, then large, early - nesting species such as great tits will be fine, but late - nesting species such as tree sparrows will decline.

The scientists cite problems that need to be addressed, such as to «increase the density and longevity of neural recordings in untethered, freely behaving animals» and come up with «beautiful models» of brain function that can be mathematically analyzed.

Though the scientists don't know if such individual and pack behavior is a common occurrence, observations like these on Isle Royale provide insight into how animal societies function as well as the vicissitudes of the food chain cycle on Isle Royale, also helping to inform other models of the natural world.

The $ 1.3 billion center, which funds biomedical resources such as large instruments and animal models, is slated to have its programs spread among other NIH institutes on 1 October under a controversial plan by NIH Director Francis Collins to create a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).

Using an animal model of this syndrome, scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have discovered that mutations in PTEN affect the assembly of connections between two brain areas important for the processing of social cues: the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain associated with complex cognitive processes such as moderating social behavior, and the amygdala, which plays a role in emotional processing.

To test the capsule's real - world applications, the team used both mathematical modeling and animal models to investigate the effects of delivering a sustained therapeutic dose of a drug called ivermectin, which is used to treat parasitic infections such as river blindness.

So the mathematical model developed in studying the ants is applicable not only to very different kinds of animals which share just the feature that they have a home to return to, such as Albatrosses.

«We need to follow up with functional studies, such as in animal models or at least in vitro systems, to pinpoint and validate the biological basis for selection.»

Such animals would be better than existing animal models for testing potential new treatments, he suggests.

To test the effects of such exposure, the researchers must first create an animal model.

«Our next step is to test Alphamers in animal models of infection with multidrug - resistant bacteria that pose a public health threat, such as MRSA,» said first author Sascha Kristian, PhD, visiting research scholar at UC San Diego and associate research director at Altermune Technologies, a company Mullis founded to develop Alphamers into unique therapeutics.

Mathematical models allow us to understand how patterns and processes in the real world are generated and how complex behaviour, such as the collective movement of animal groups, can be produced from simple individual level rules.

In various talks, interviews and articles, he suggested that a mathematical brain model would deliver such fundamental breakthroughs as simulation - driven drug discovery, the replacement of certain kinds of animal experiments and a better understanding of disorders such as Alzheimer's.

Experimental animal models have been used to investigate many aspects of the clinical disease such as the sex bias in myocarditis where testosterones in males promote autoimmunity in the heart while estrogens in females suppress virus infection and autoimmunity.

Now we want to extend this technology to animal models, such as cancer bearing mice, to verify its practical use in different types of tumors,» explains Park.

They suggest that future studies incorporating animal models of childhood obesity take place over longer periods to determine how inactivity during youth contributes to adult consequences of obesity and whether interventions, such as reintroducing exercise, can affect this trajectory.

All together INRA facilities power up (1) Research in multi-disciplinary domains through academic and industrial collaborations for the development of large animal models, therapeutics or new imaging devices, and (2) Training under several topics (biocontained experiments, introduction of new imaging methods for large animal models etc.), welcoming external teams which do not possess such an instrumental park for Transnational access.

The objective is to support innovative projects dedicated to the development and the study of rare disease models using small animals (mouse model excepted) such as zebrafish, drosophila, nematode, rat and rabbit.

Such models are valuable for the analysis of parameters associated with vaccine safety, immunogenicity, delivery and protection as NHPs replicate key features of the human immune response more faithfully than any other animal model.