Pritchard noted that the Antarctic Peninsula's
annual average air temperature has risen 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit (3 degrees Celsius) since 1950, while near - surface ocean waters have warmed 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius).
The thawing of permafrost in the region has been linked to global warming.5
Annual average air temperatures rose 1.1 ° F (0.6 ° C) from 1960 to 2005,6,11,12 while permafrost at a depth of 33 feet (10 meters) warmed an average of 0.5 ° -1.3 ° F (0.3 ° -0.7 ° C).6, 12
Not exact matches
With an
average annual air temperature of -2.2 F and an
average precipitation of 3 - 50 mm per year, the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are dominated by dry soils underlain by permafrost.
Now I've seen mentions that (strong) El Nino years will make the global
annual average higher — e.g. 1998 was so warm partly because of El Nino, and that this is due to the fact that sub-surface warmer water is brought up and allowed to affect the
air temperature.
The
annual anomaly of the global
average surface
temperature in 2014 (i.e. the
average of the near - surface
air temperature over land and the SST) was +0.27 °C above the 1981 - 2010
average (+0.63 °C above the 20th century
average), and was the warmest since 1891.
According to NOAA's 2016 Arctic Report Card, the
average annual surface
air temperature anomaly (+3.6 °F / 2.0 °C relative to the 1981 - 2010 baseline) over land north of 60 ° N between October 2015 and September 2016 was by far the highest in the observational record beginning in 1900.
Computer Modelling
Average Annual Temperature in the Ground Layer of
Air for the South of Western Siberia (Russia)
And, of course, we do not need to global climate models to run impact models with an
annual average increase in the mean surface
air temperature of +1 C and +2 C prescribed for the Netherlands.
«The Russian Academy of Sciences has found that the
annual temperature of soils (with seasonable variations) has been remaining stable despite the increased
average annual air temperature caused by climate change.
There is contamination of the
air in the bubble by water; different results are obtained if the ice is crushed or melted to obtain the
air sample; it takes decades for the
air bubble to form; the raw data was smoothed out by a 70 year moving
average that removed the great
annual variability found in the 19th century and Stomata Index (SI) records; closer examination revealed a major flaw in the hypothesis because
temperature rises before CO2.
In Fort Simpson, in the Northwest Territories, scientists expect permafrost to gradually disappear, given an increase of 3.6 ° F (2 ° C) in
average annual air temperature.2, 3,18,19 In the Norman Wells region, such an increase would likely reduce permafrost coverage by about 50 percent.2, 3,19
Over the past 60 years, Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States, with state - wide
average annual air temperature increasing by 3 °F and
average winter
temperature by 6 °F, with substantial year - to - year and regional variability.1 Most of the warming occurred around 1976 during a shift in a long - lived climate pattern (the Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO]-RRB- from a cooler pattern to a warmer one.
The researchers discovered a
temperature increase of just 1 degree Celsius in near - surface
air temperatures in the tropics leads to an
average annual growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide equivalent to one - third of the
annual global emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation combined.
A reasonable rule - of - thumb to estimate crawlspace ground surface
temperatures is to use the
average annual ambient
air temperature for that location.
By 2090,
average annual air temperatures are projected to rise across the entire Arctic region by roughly 3 to 5 °C over land areas and up to 7 °C over the oceans.
Annual global surface air temperature anomalies from 1979 to 2017 relative to the annual average for the period 1981 -
Annual global surface
air temperature anomalies from 1979 to 2017 relative to the
annual average for the period 1981 -
annual average for the period 1981 - 2010.
Annual Global
Temperature Deviations in the Troposphere and Low Stratosphere, 1958 - 2004 February 2005 Source: J. K. Angell Air Resources Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Deviation of yearly temperature from the 20 - year average,
Temperature Deviations in the Troposphere and Low Stratosphere, 1958 - 2004 February 2005 Source: J. K. Angell
Air Resources Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Deviation of yearly
temperature from the 20 - year average,
temperature from the 20 - year
average, 1958 - 1977
Top graph, labeled «
Temperature Change,» is captioned «reconstruction of
annual -
average Northern Hemisphere surface
air temperatures derived from historical records, tree rings, and corals (blue), and
air temperatures directly measured (purple).
Temperature Change: reconstruction of
annual -
average Northern Hemisphere surface
air temperatures derived from historical records, tree rings, and corals (blue), and
air temperatures directly measured (purple).
European Arctic surface
air temperature anomalies over all surfaces for
annual averages from 1979 to 2017 relative to the
annual average for the period 1981 - 2010.
The projected change in
annual mean surface
air temperature from the late 20th century (1971 - 2000
average) to the middle 21st century (2051 - 2060
average).
At all depths down to 1.0 metres the
annual average soil
temperature for the South Island has essentially the same interannual variation as the
annual mean surface (2 m)
air temperature for the South Island.