Current predictions [5], [6] suggest that trends in sea ice extent will alter in the second half of this century and that
the annual average sea ice extent will diminish by 33 %; most of this retreat is expected to occur in winter and spring [5], [6], with attendant risks for emperor penguins.
Not exact matches
Substantial reductions in the
extent of Arctic
sea ice since 1978 (2.7 ± 0.6 percent per decade in the
annual average, 7.4 ± 2.4 percent per decade for summer), increases in permafrost temperatures and reductions in glacial
extent globally and in Greenland and Antarctic
ice sheets have also been observed in recent decades.
The
annual average extent of Arctic
sea ice is currently declining at about half a million square kilometres per decade — equivalent to about twice the area of the UK.
If you plot the
average Arctic
Sea Ice extent for 20 years, the you should also plot the monthly maximum and minimum values on the same figure so that we can get some perspective on where the 2007 and 2008 data falls in the context of
annual variability, or examine for trends.
Published trends in peer - reviewed articles on Antarctic
sea ice extent (all on
annual average extent):
In both the Arctic and the Antarctic «natural causes» (the seasons) are responsible for the seasonal decrease / increase in
sea ice extent, which are, of course, much larger than the
average annual change.
Annual average Arctic
sea ice extent was the flavour du jour in certain quarters not so very long ago.
Resources [1] The NH
sea -
ice extent data are provided by NSIDC as daily anomalies form an
average cycle plus the
annual cycle which has been subtracted.
When
averaging daily data from the National Snow and
Ice Data Center, and noting that there was an unanticipated sensor transition during the year, the estimated average annual sea ice extent in the Arctic was approximately 3.92 million square miles, the smallest annual average in the reco
Ice Data Center, and noting that there was an unanticipated sensor transition during the year, the estimated
average annual sea ice extent in the Arctic was approximately 3.92 million square miles, the smallest annual average in the reco
ice extent in the Arctic was approximately 3.92 million square miles, the smallest
annual average in the record.
Average annual sea ice extent in both polar regions was low in 2016.
The bright white central mass shows the perennial
sea ice, which is just the multi-year
ice that has survived at least one summer, while the larger light blue area shows the full
extent of the winter
sea ice including the
average annual sea ice during the 2012 months of November, December and January.
What the report says about
sea ice and climate change: Since the early 1980s,
annual average Arctic
sea ice has decreased in
extent between 3.5 percent and 4.1 percent per decade, become 4.3 to 7.5 feet (1.3 and 2.3 meters) thinner.
Satellite data since 1978 show that
annual average arctic
sea ice extent has shrunk by 2.7 [2.1 to 3.3] % per decade, with larger decreases in summer of 7.4 [5.0 to 9.8] % per decade.
Record droughts in many areas of the world, the loss of arctic
sea ice — what you see is an increasing trend that is superimposed on
annual variablity (no bets on what happens next year, but the five - to - ten year
average in global temperatures,
sea surface temperatures, ocean heat content — those will increase — and
ice sheet volumes, tropical glacier volumes,
sea ice extent will decrease.