Sentences with phrase «annual mean sea»

This chart, from Gagné et al, shows the area - averaged annual mean sea ice concentration anomaly between 1950 and 2005.

SOI data are presented as annual mean sea level pressure anomalies at Tahiti and Darwin.

The annual mean sea surface temperature shows a high seasonality and important gradients from west to east and north to south (Figure 1b)[3].

Analyses of tide gauge and altimetry data by Vinogradov and Ponte (2011), which indicated the presence of considerably small spatial scale variability in annual mean sea level over many coastal regions, are an important factor for understanding the uncertainties in regional sea - level simulations and projections at sub-decadal time scales in coarse - resolution climate models that are also discussed in Chapter 13.

Not exact matches

The importance of orbital variations, of the greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 and N2O, of the albedo of land ice sheets, annual mean snow cover, sea ice area and vegetation, and of the radiative perturbation of mineral dust in the atmosphere are investigated.

If you want a really really simple statistical climate model, try correlating global mean annual temperature & / or sea level with the CO2 data from Mauna Loa.

(The specific dataset used as the foundation of the composition was the Combined Land - Surface Air and Sea - Surface Water Temperature Anomalies Zonal annual means.)

The song took on new meaning for me in 2003, when I accompanied a team of climate and ocean researchers on their annual expedition aimed at studying changes in the Arctic Ocean beneath the shifting sea ice just a few dozen miles from the North Pole.

However, the CRU global mean combined land air / sea surface temperature estimates for Jan - Aug 2005 lag behind the 1998 annual mean estimate by 0.08 C (0.50 C vs. 58C for 1998) while GISS indicates a lag of 0.02 C.

iheartheidicullen @ 162: Sorry if my tone was intemperate, but really the SH and NH sea ice trends have been analysed at length online by Tamino and others, over the last year or two, with the clear conclusion that the SH anomaly trend is small (the anomaly at the maximum last year was about 1.5 % of the mean annual maximum, if I remember correctly) and not statistically significant (at the 95 % level, I think), whereas the NH trend is large (tens of percent), long - lived, and statistically very significant indeed.

Tropical Atlantic (10 ° N — 20 ° N) sea surface temperature annual anomalies (°C) in the region of Atlantic hurricane formation, relative to the 1961 to 1990 mean.

An analysis of data pertaining to the period 1861 — 1986 reveals that (1) a 1 °C rise in the mean annual air temperature of the British Isles has historically been associated with a 35 % drop in the percentage of days that the United Kingdom has experienced cyclonic flow, and (2) a 2 °C increase in the mean annual air temperature over the sea to the north has typically been matched by a 60 % drop in the percentage of days that the isles have experienced cyclonic flow originating from that source region.

«The reference mean sea level (Topex / Poseidon, Jason - 1, Jason - 2 and Jason - 3) since January 1993 (left) is calculated after removing the annual and semi-annual signals.»

(a, b) Annual - mean sea ice concentration in the CTL and SW experiments, and (c) SST anomalies during the last 50 years of the latter simulation.

«Regarded as one of the world's most productive marine environments, the Bering Sea is widely thought to be rapidly warming and losing sea ice... Results show that, rather than declining, mean annual sea ice extent in the Bering Sea has exhibited no significant change over the satellite sea ice record (1979 — 200Sea is widely thought to be rapidly warming and losing sea ice... Results show that, rather than declining, mean annual sea ice extent in the Bering Sea has exhibited no significant change over the satellite sea ice record (1979 — 200sea ice... Results show that, rather than declining, mean annual sea ice extent in the Bering Sea has exhibited no significant change over the satellite sea ice record (1979 — 200sea ice extent in the Bering Sea has exhibited no significant change over the satellite sea ice record (1979 — 200Sea has exhibited no significant change over the satellite sea ice record (1979 — 200sea ice record (1979 — 2009).

Assuming a full - glacial temperature lapse rate of -6 °C / 1000m, depression of mean annual temperature in glaciated alpine areas was ca 5.4 ± 0.8 °C; it is similar to values of temperature depression (5 - 6.4 °C) for the last glaciation obtained from various terrestrial sites, but contrasts with tropical sea - surface temperature estimates that are only 1 - 3 °C cooler than present.

All of these characteristics (except for the ocean temperature) have been used in SAR and TAR IPCC (Houghton et al. 1996; 2001) reports for model - data inter-comparison: we considered as tolerable the following intervals for the annual means of the following climate characteristics which encompass corresponding empirical estimates: global SAT 13.1 — 14.1 °C (Jones et al. 1999); area of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere 6 — 14 mil km2 and in the Southern Hemisphere 6 — 18 mil km2 (Cavalieri et al. 2003); total precipitation rate 2.45 — 3.05 mm / day (Legates 1995); maximum Atlantic northward heat transport 0.5 — 1.5 PW (Ganachaud and Wunsch 2003); maximum of North Atlantic meridional overturning stream function 15 — 25 Sv (Talley et al. 2003), volume averaged ocean temperature 3 — 5 °C (Levitus 1982).

The high annual mean in 2015 was because of the early onset of warm Pacific sea surface temperatures persisting through the year.

«Based on a new analysis of passive microwave satellite data, we demonstrate that the annual mean extent of Antarctic sea ice has increased at a statistically significant rate of 0.97 % dec - 1 since the late 1970s.»

Between 1904 and 1953 global sea levels rose by 2.03 mm per year, whereas from 1954 to 2003 they rose by only 1.45 mm per year, giving an annual mean rate of 1.74 mm per year over the 100 years to 2003, or seven inches per century.

FIGURE 4 - 1 Annual mean aerosol optical depth predicted by an aerosol chemical transport model due to sulfate, mineral dust, sea salt, and organic and black carbon aerosols.

The mean annual temperature of the Western Antarctic Peninsula at around 1 — 2 °C is significantly warmer than shelves around East Antarctica or the Weddell Sea, < 0 °C.

In this case upscaling is not carried out since the GCM uncertainty has already been taken into account in the original literature; h — cases where sea surface temperature is the important variable, hence upscaling has been carried out using the maps from Meehl et al. (2007), using Figures 10.5 and 10.8, taking the increases in local annual mean (or where appropriate seasonal, from Figure 10.9) surface air temperature over the sea as equal to the local increases in annual mean or seasonal sea surface temperature.

For example, the melting of the Greenland ice sheet broke previous records in 2002, 2005, and 2007, and seasonal melting from 1996 to 2007 was above average compared with the 1973 - 2007 period.10, 11 The melting of the Greenland ice sheet contributed around 0.02 inch (0.6 millimeter) to global sea - level rise in 2005 — more than double the 1996 contribution.4 From 1993 to 2003 the average rate of sea - level rise increased to about 0.12 inches (3.1 millimeters) per year.12 That means that in 2005 Greenland could have contributed 19 percent of the average annual global sea level rise rate.

Excuse me for pointing you to a physical oceanography textbook used by Texas A&M University and in particular to Figure 5.8 Global map of annual - mean insolation into the sea in W / m2 calculated from the ECMWF 40 - year reanalysis.

Despite substantial differences in performance between individual models, the CMIP3 1 and CMIP5 multi-model mean annual cycles of sea ice extent in both hemispheres agree reasonably well with observations.

The annual mean Arctic sea ice extent decreased over the period 1979 to 2012 with a rate that was very likely in the range 3.5 to 4.1 % per decade (range of 0.45 to 0.51 million km2 per decade), and very likely in the range 9.4 to 13.6 % per decade (range of 0.73 to 1.07 million km2 per decade) for the summer sea ice minimum (perennial sea ice).

«The annual mean Arctic sea - ice extent decreased over the period 1979 to 2012, with a rate that was very likely in the range 3.5 to 4.1 % per decade.»

Annual averages of the global mean sea level (mm).

Correlations with the SOI, based on normalised Tahiti minus Darwin sea level pressures, for annual (May to April) means for sea level pressure (top left) and surface temperature (top right) for 1958 to 2004, and GPCP precipitation for 1979 to 2003 (bottom left), updated from Trenberth and Caron (2000).