Sentences with phrase «annual mean surface»

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake) evident in the zonal mean for the CMIP2 models (Figure 9.8) and the geographical patterns for all categories of models (Figure 9.10).

At all depths down to 1.0 metres the annual average soil temperature for the South Island has essentially the same interannual variation as the annual mean surface (2 m) air temperature for the South Island.

The projected change in annual mean surface air temperature from the late 20th century (1971 - 2000 average) to the middle 21st century (2051 - 2060 average).

Considers changes in the annual mean surface temperature and also in the warmest night of the year, which has implications for human health

As a concrete example, the chapter focuses on the Northern Hemisphere annual mean surface temperature reconstructed from annually resolved proxies such as tree rings.

There is very high confidence that models reproduce the general features of the global - scale annual mean surface temperature increase over the historical period, including the more rapid warming in the second half of the 20th century, and the cooling immediately following large volcanic eruptions...

To see that this is the case, we consider annual mean surface temperature fields extracted from 10 multicentury preindustrial control climate simulations, each derived from independently constructed models containing coupled ocean - atmosphere dynamics and advanced physical parameterizations.

ECS is the increase in the global annual mean surface temperature caused by an instantaneous doubling of the atmospheric concentration of CO2 relative to the pre-industrial level after the model relaxes to radiative equilibrium, while the TCR is the temperature increase averaged over 20 years centered on the time of doubling at a 1 % per year compounded increase.

Multi-model mean of annual mean surface warming (surface air temperature change, °C) for the scenarios B1 (top), A1B (middle) and A2 (bottom), and three time periods, 2011 to 2030 (left), 2046 to 2065 (middle) and 2080 to 2099 (right).

Figure 3: Global annual mean surface air temperature for CMIP3 (thin blue line) and CMIP5 (thin red line) for all natural external temperature influences (forcings) compared to the four observational datasets (black lines).

The global annual mean surface air temperature change... centred at the time of CO2 doubling in a 1 % per year compound CO2 increase scenario.

Figure 4: Global annual mean surface air temperature for CMIP5 (thin red line) for greenhouse gas temperature influences (forcings) compared to the four observational datasets (black lines).

Such Hurst phenomena have been observed in the stochastic processes of nature in the area of hydrology (Hurst) and also in the proxy record of annual mean surface temperature at a millennial time scale (Barnett).

If you want to choose the latitude best suited to your climate druthers all you need is the dependence of annual mean surface temperature on latitude, a very simple object.

Their work explores when annual mean surface temperatures are projected to move outside the range of recent variability, both globally and regionally.

The term «climate sensitivity» refers to the steady - state increase in the global annual mean surface air temperature associated with a given global mean radiative forcing.

Abstract:» The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback — the global radiative response per degree of global annual mean surface temperature change.

Figure 1.4 http://cybele.bu.edu/courses/gg312fall02/chap01/figures/figure1.4.gif shows the natural variability of the annual mean surface temperature on several different spatial scales from a climate model simulation for 200 years.

Abstract:» The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback — the global radiative response per degree of global annual mean surface temperature change.

To contribute to an understanding of the underlying causes of these changes we compile various environmental records (and model - based interpretations of some of them) in order to calculate the direct effect of various processes on Earth's radiative budget and, thus, on global annual mean surface temperature over the last 800,000 years.

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake)(2)

Not exact matches

Annual average GCR counts per minute (blue - note that numbers decrease going up the left vertical axis, because lower GCRs should mean higher temperatures) from the Neutron Monitor Database vs. annual average global surface temperature (red, right vertical axis) from NOAA NCDC, both with second order polynomialAnnual average GCR counts per minute (blue - note that numbers decrease going up the left vertical axis, because lower GCRs should mean higher temperatures) from the Neutron Monitor Database vs. annual average global surface temperature (red, right vertical axis) from NOAA NCDC, both with second order polynomialannual average global surface temperature (red, right vertical axis) from NOAA NCDC, both with second order polynomial fits.

First, a graph showing the annual mean anomalies from the CMIP3 models plotted against the surface temperature records from the HadCRUT4, NCDC and GISTEMP products (it really doesn't matter which).

However, comparison of the global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.

Tsushima, Y., A. Abe - Ouchi, and S. Manabe, 2005: Radiative damping of annual variation in global mean surface temperature: Comparison between observed and simulated feedback.

... Polar amplification explains in part why Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appear to be highly sensitive to relatively small increases in CO2 concentration and global mean temperature... Polar amplification occurs if the magnitude of zonally averaged surface temperature change at high latitudes exceeds the globally averaged temperature change, in response to climate forcings and on time scales greater than the annual cycle.

Overall, ecosystem - driven changes in chemistry induced climate feedbacks that increased global mean annual land surface temperatures by 1.4 and 2.7 K for the 2 × and 4 × CO2 Eocene simulations, respectively, and 2.2 K for the Cretaceous (Fig. 3 E and F).

(The specific dataset used as the foundation of the composition was the Combined Land - Surface Air and Sea - Surface Water Temperature Anomalies Zonal annual means.)

There is a strong correlation between annual mean temperatures (in the satellite tropospheric records and surface analyses) and the state of ENSO at the end of the previous year.

Global warming is talking about the mean global annual surface temperature.

However, the CRU global mean combined land air / sea surface temperature estimates for Jan - Aug 2005 lag behind the 1998 annual mean estimate by 0.08 C (0.50 C vs. 58C for 1998) while GISS indicates a lag of 0.02 C.

Annual mean European surface air temperatures have increased by around 0.85 °C over the last 100 years.

The code currently starts from the annual - mean data for the surface, upper - air, and deep - ocean temperatures that were extracted from the MIT IGSM model output files.

That's why focusing on mean annual surface temperature is a very weak test of the models ability.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Tropical Atlantic (10 ° N — 20 ° N) sea surface temperature annual anomalies (°C) in the region of Atlantic hurricane formation, relative to the 1961 to 1990 mean.

The graph shows global annual surface temperatures relative to 1951 - 1980 mean temperatures.

However, comparison of the global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.

Their «SAT» refers to mean annual surface air temperature in the zone from 70 to 85 degrees N for the years 1900 to 2007

Image at right: Graph of global annual surface temperatures relative to 1951 - 1980 mean temperature.

equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentration.

And, of course, we do not need to global climate models to run impact models with an annual average increase in the mean surface air temperature of +1 C and +2 C prescribed for the Netherlands.

The changes produced a decrease of 0.006 °C / decade for the 1880 to 2014 trend of the annual mean land surface air temperature rather than the 0.003 °C / decade increase reported by NCEI.

According to Ward's full commentary, accepted for publication in the same journal as Lomborg's paper, «Projections of global mean surface temperature for the period up to 2100 are based on cumulative annual global emissions of greenhouse gases up to the end of the century.

estimated the annual mean global surface warming threshold for nearly ice - free Arctic conditions in September to be ~ 2 °C above...

A similar mismatch between LIG - 120 mean annual surface temperature (MAT) simulation and proxy data is also described by Otto - Bliesner et al. 21.

«A multiple linear regression analysis of global annual mean near - surface air temperature (1900 — 2012) using the known radiative forcing and the El Niño — Southern Oscillation index as explanatory variables account for 89 % of the observed temperature variance.

Interpolated surfaces showing the change in mean annual temperature across Alaska for three different time series: 1949 − 2009, 1949 − 1976, and 1977 − 2009.

The unsurprising result is that mean annual SURFACE temperature is higher in the desert.

Assuming a full - glacial temperature lapse rate of -6 °C / 1000m, depression of mean annual temperature in glaciated alpine areas was ca 5.4 ± 0.8 °C; it is similar to values of temperature depression (5 - 6.4 °C) for the last glaciation obtained from various terrestrial sites, but contrasts with tropical sea - surface temperature estimates that are only 1 - 3 °C cooler than present.