A small green
anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis, right) in the southern United States used to have the only game running when it came to hunting insects.
When researchers studied the present - day distribution
of anole lizard species across the Caribbean, they found that an island's geographic isolation no longer necessarily corresponded to fewer species.
The
brown anole lizard in the Bahamas is raising questions about whether some cold - blooded species may be able to adapt to global warming.
Green
Anoles live in warm climates throughout the New World.
Scientists compared
male anole lizards living in three cities in Puerto Rico with those living in nearby forests, and found that they had longer limbs and more of the scaly structures that allow them to stick to surfaces, according to a study in the journal Evolution.
All agreed it was a wonderful program, although Cuba itself was found to be a country of contradictions and beauty: from the modern city of Havana to the oxen working the fields; comfortable air - conditioned bus to people travelling by horseback along the highways; from tiny Bee Hummingbirds to
giant anoles.
On islands off the coast of Florida, scientists uncover swift adaptive changes among
Carolina anole populations, whose habitats were disturbed by the introduction of another lizard species.
I also vividly remember the venomous walking catfish scare, and the incursions by both Bahamian and
Cuban anoles.
These durable, plastic pet carriers allow for easy transfer and housing for a wide assortment of pets,
from anoles to turtles.
«Consistent with previous genetic descriptions of
anole mating systems, most females — 64 to 81 percent — bore offspring sired by more than one male,» Kamath said.
«We think that species recognition
among anole lizards is based on perception of dewlap colour, the dewlap being a flap of skin at the throat used to signal other lizards.»
By comparison,
phenacosaur anoles living in cloud forests have had very little exposure to temperature variability for over 10 million years and are very much at risk from climate change, he said.
«I think it's a stretch to suggest more generally that tropical animal populations may be capable of rapid adaptation to anthropogenic warming,» said Mahler, who is also co-chairman of the Anoline Lizard Specialist Group, which studies
which anole lizard species are at risk of extinction at the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
The scientific name of the long - limbed salamander, Nyctanolis pernix, translates as «
night anole,» because this nocturnal salamander runs and leaps more like an anolis lizard than a salamander.
Brown
anoles first appeared in South Florida in the 1950s, possibly as stowaways in agricultural shipments from Cuba, and have since spread across the southeastern U.S. and have even jumped to Hawaii.
Anoles typically mate in their first year of life, while other reptiles take much longer to reach sexual maturity.
In this sense, it was important to sequence the three Panamanian species, because the U.S. species may not be the most representative of the
diverse anole group.
A new study affirms a long - controversial view that some organisms, like this Grand Cayman blue -
throated anole, may have crossed oceans in creative ways.
Like Anoles, iguana courtship includes head - bobbing and flapping its dewlap (the flap of skin under its neck).
«The parallel development that occurred on a number of different island clusters
makes anole lizards an excellent model for studying evolution and adaptation,» says Kerstin Lindblad - Toh.
To find endangered lizards (
including anoles, skinks, and geckos), click on Index - Vertebrate Animals and then on Reptiles.
Green
anole customers have a different agenda: they see a lizard that costs less than ten dollars, and they like that.
In fact, they are so easy to raise and keep, they have become the least expensive pet we sell, and thus, like rats, crickets, goldfish and
anoles before them, they have now crossed the line from being sold exclusively as pets to being sold as food for pets.
For instance, I have many customers who need feeder rabbits, chickens, finches and
even anoles.
Other reptiles and amphibians including jesus christ lizards (chisbala), big -
headed anoles (galleguillo), leaf litter geckos (gallego de hojarasca), smoky jungle frogs (rana ternero), and a symbol of the rainforest, the red - eyed leaf frog (rana calsonuda) abound but are more difficult to find..
Species like the
brown anole lizard maintain their body temperature by moving between sunny and shady areas, in a process called behavioral thermoregulation.
Last month I wrote about the
American Anole, often falsely called the American chameleon.
By mapping and comparing bits of DNA present in 90 species
of anole lizards, researchers were able to show that colonisation of the larger Caribbean islands predated substantial independent development and adaptation on individual islands.
In fact — in one of the most detailed examples of rapid evolution to date — a new study shows that just one cold snap can change the way
green anoles» muscular and nervous systems respond to temperature.
Logan and two other scientists from Dartmouth and the University of Virginia set out to test the adaptive pressures of simulated climate change conditions on brown
anole lizards (Anolis sagrei).
It's run by the school's Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and contains over 1,000
anole lizards from six Caribbean islands.
Menke and postdoctoral researcher Carlos Infante examined patterns of enhancer activity in embryonic limbs and genitalia of mice and limbed reptiles (
anole lizards).
Running quickly comes naturally to the brown
anole lizards.
«Movement behavior of
an anole species surprisingly dynamic.»
The test was an easy way to assess at what temperature
the anoles ceased to be able to function right.
Green
anoles are brightly colored lizards that can easily switch their coloration from green to brown.
And other studies of green
anoles have shown changes, too: Anoles that moved to a new island with more trees than bushes evolved longer legs, perhaps to travel greater distances, whereas anoles living in cities have apparently evolved stickier feet to cling to metal and glass.
But Harvard University graduate student Shane Campbell - Staton was interested in something else —
anoles» ability to adapt to the cold.