Sentences with phrase «anterior cingulate»

Anterior cingulate cortex: An fMRI analysis of conflict specificity and functional differentiation

N - Acetylaspartate concentration in the anterior cingulate of maltreated children and adolescents with PTSD

The anterior thalamic radiation comprises fibers that run between medio - dorsal thalamic nuclei and the frontal cortex and also between anterior thalamic nuclei and the anterior cingulate cortices (Catani et al. 2013).

The amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) are key brain regions for the generation of negative affect.

Impulsive aggression has been associated with lower serotonergic innervation in the anterior cingulate cortex (Frankle et al., 2005).

Two recent studies of normal children found that parent - reported hyperactivity, impulsivity (11), and conduct problems (32) were related to cortical thickness in several areas, including the anterior cingulate.

This finding also yields support from a previous study of adults and the elderly, where executive control was related to anterior cingulate thickness, and it was suggested that cortical maturation could be the driving causal factor (52).

In psychopathy, reduced somatosensory, insula and anterior cingulate vicarious activations could disinhibit antisocial behaviour.

First, an a priori region of interest strategy examined associations between the serotonin transporter gene, exposure to childhood adversities, and the amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex [22].

Functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex within the human frontal lobe: A brain - mapping meta - analysis

An early study found a correlation between total right anterior cingulate area and controlled processing in a group of children (28), which fits very well with the present results.

We hypothesized that whole - brain and region - of - interest analyses would identify differences in cortical thickness in prefrontal (especially anterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex) brain regions in female adolescents with early onset SUD, compared to controls.

Anticipation of conflict monitoring in the anterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex

The relationship between cortical surface area and cognitive control was found in the right caudal anterior cingulate, and post hoc analyses showed a similar but weaker relationship in the opposite hemisphere.

The anterior cingulate cortex is implied as a critical region for executive attention, cognitive control, and self - regulation (15, 22, 48, 49), and its structural characteristics have been found to be related to self - regulation in a number of neurodevelopmental conditions (9 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ — 13, 32, 50, 51).

In this model, the cognitive control system including prefrontal and parietal regions and the anterior cingulate is crucial to decision - making but is functionally dominated by a second affective system that includes regions which are important to processing reward and social and emotional salience, including but not limited to the amygdala, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and the superior temporal sulcus.

[jounal] van Veen, V. / 2001 / Anterior cingulate cortex, conflict monitoring and levels of processing / NeuroImage 14: 1302 ~ 1308

Neural networks including the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices develop under influence of genetic and environmental factors and play an important role in emotional reactivity but also in emotion regulation, attention, and cognitive control [11, 12].

For example, in normative populations, past work has suggested a link between children's anterior cingulate volume with performance on a Go / No - Go task [43].

Similarly, another recent functional imaging study focused on 1129 community youths (mean age 15.5 years) and investigated the relationship between psychopathology and activation of the executive system during a working memory task.9 Overall psychopathology was associated with hypoactivation in the frontal pole, anterior cingulate, anterior insula and precuneus, implicating a network of executive regions across a range of psychiatric diagnoses.

It has been shown that a brain network including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and lateral prefrontal cortex areas, mostly modulated by the neurotransmitter dopamine, subserves the function of regulating thoughts, emotions and responses.13 Patterns of activation of these brain structures are related to the efficiency of resolving conflict14 and variations in the size and structure of the ACC have been related to the EC score obtained in temperament questionnaires.15

Given their typical age of onset, a broad range of mental disorders are increasingly being understood as the result of aberrations of developmental processes that normally occur in the adolescent brain.4 — 6 Executive functioning, and its neurobiological substrate, the prefrontal cortex, matures during adolescence.5 The relatively late maturation of executive functioning is adaptive in most cases, underpinning characteristic adolescent behaviours such as social interaction, risk taking and sensation seeking which promote successful adult development and independence.6 However, in some cases it appears that the delayed maturation of prefrontal regulatory regions leads to the development of mental illness, with neurobiological studies indicating a broad deficit in executive functioning which precedes and underpins a range of psychopathology.7 A recent meta - analysis of neuroimaging studies focusing on a range of psychotic and non-psychotic mental illnesses found that grey matter loss in the dorsal anterior cingulate, and left and right insula, was common across diagnoses.8 In a healthy sample, this study also demonstrated that lower grey matter in these regions was found to be associated with deficits in executive functioning performance.

Reduced anterior cingulate activation in aggressive children and adolescents during affective stimulation: Association with temperament traits

The anterior insular and anterior cingulate cortices in emotional processing for self - face recognition

Results indicated MBCT - C was associated with increases in activation of the bilateral insula, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus, as well as the left anterior cingulate while viewing emotional stimuli during the continuous processing task with emotional and neutral distractors (CPT - END), and decreases in anxiety were correlated with change in activation in the bilateral insula and anterior cingulate during the viewing of emotional stimuli.

By studying the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, she discovered that changes in the brain influence how much shame a person feels.

Neuroscience blames shame on the brain — more specifically, on the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex.

The results of the investigation showed that people who had reported more experiences of social support over the preceding 9 days had lower dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity in response to the virtual social exclusion task and also exhibited lower cortisol responses to the TSST, suggesting lower levels of experienced stress.

At a second point in time, their brains were scanned while they participated in a virtual social task in the scanner, during which they were gradually excluded from the social interaction; this paradigm has previously been found to provoke significant social distress that is correlated with activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)(31), a brain region associated with monitoring threat.

Distinguish between the neurobiological changes associated with PTSD that occur in the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Conduct - disordered youth exhibit a decreased dopamine response to reward and increased risk - taking behaviors related to abnormally disrupted frontal activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) that worsens over time due to dysphoria activation of brain stress systems and increases in corticotropin - releasing factor (CRF).

Regulation of human affective responses by anterior cingulate and limbic µ - opioid neurotransmission

Recent research looked at DTI and fMRI to elucidate the brain regions involved and found that connections from the supramarginal gyrus to the anterior cingulate and from the inferior frontal gryus to the frontal gyrus may be involved and are affected in word - specific spelling impairment in children with dysgraphia.

Row A represents activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).

Anterior cingulate cortex responds differentially to expectancy violation and social rejection

Moreover, the three particular regions that lit up more in sex addicts» brains — the ventral striatum, dorsal anterior cingulate and amygdala — are regions known to be involved in reward, motivation and craving.»

Research also implicates a distributed network within the prefrontal cortex through which attention is deployed to closely monitor performance, incorporating feedback, as individuals then call on more specialized cognitive control mechanisms to modify subsequent behaviour.30 - 32 Anxiety related perturbations in this pattern are evident in both children33 and adults.34 Imaging studies have implicated the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in this process, as it appears to be hyperactive in anxious individuals during tasks requiring cognitive or «top down» control.35

Rostral anterior cingulate cortex activity mediates the relationship between the depressive symptoms and the medial prefrontal cortex activity.

Ins, insula; SS, somatosensory operculum; dTP, dorsal temporal pole; cACC, caudal anterior cingulate cortex; rACC, rostral anterior cingulate cortex; sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; MTL, medial temporal lobe; FG, fusiform gyrus; vTP, ventral temporal pole; vlSt, ventrolateral striatum; vmSt, ventromedial striatum.

Using the previously described social exclusion task in the scanner (Cyberball), our group found that the MAOA - uVNTR was associated with the degree of exclusion - related neural activation, such that the individuals with the low expressing alleles had the greatest response within the portion of the anterior cingulate associated with self - reported distress to exclusion (Eisenberger et al., 2007).

Regulation of human affective responses by anterior cingulate and limbic mu - opioid neurotransmission

One such candidate is monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an enzyme that breaks down neurochemicals such as serotonin and dopamine (Shih et al., 1999), and that is present in high concentrations within the anterior cingulate (Ginovart et al., 2006), a brain region closely associated with the distress of social rejection (Eisenberger et al., 2003).

It's been my experience that people routinely use heuristics - biases (Tversky & Kahneman) but those cognitive processes may not (I'm not clear on this) involve the active suppression of ideas that occurs in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), where dissonant ideas are weighed and improperly discarded in order to preserve the integrity of pre-existing cherished beliefs.

Neural regions expressed in human OCD include the orbitofrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate circuit, the basal ganglia and the thalamus [18] and also the amygdala [19].

fMRI imaging revealed activation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), a part of the brain's core emotion network, when rooms with a curvilinear design were viewed.

Surprisingly, the areas with more important metabolic changes were the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)(decrease in resting - state metabolism) and the retrosplenial cortex (increase in resting - state metabolism).

It seems to be in the anterior cingulate, a tiny structure that sits near the junction between the frontal lobe, which processes thoughts and behavior, and the limbic system, which governs feelings and emotions.

We found that breakfast skipping led to increased neural activation in brain regions controlling food motivation and food reward (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate, and parahippocampus) prior to lunch; however, the addition of a protein - rich breakfast led to reduced activation in these regions.

«Higher media multi-tasking activity is associated with smaller gray - matter density in the anterior cingulate... continue

«Higher media multi-tasking activity is associated with smaller gray - matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex.»