Sentences with phrase «anthropogenic emissions including»

RCP4.5 considered the influences of a broader set of anthropogenic emissions including CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6, but also chemically active gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Anthropogenic emissions include many types of GHG's as well as particulates such as black carbon and sulfate aerosols, each of which has a different effect on the atmosphere, and a different atmospheric lifetime.

Not exact matches

But our study shows that we also have to include the active biological processes, such as animal migrations, to predict and calculate the ocean's ability to absorb anthropogenic emissions of CO2,» says Professor Katherine Richardson of the University of Copenhagen, who is also one of the authors behind the study.

We are therefore committed to -LSB-...] stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system -LSB-...] we will consider seriously the decisions made by the European Union, Canada and Japan which include at least a halving of global emissions by 2050.

This is a well - established methodology, pushed to constrain US anthropogenic emissions by including measurements from aircraft and communications towers in addition to the ever - invaluable NOAA flask sample network, and incorporating socioeconomic and industrial data.

I do believe that research has shown that sequestration of CO2 in soils and biomass through organic agriculture (including the use of biochar) and reforestation (which must of course begin with ending deforestation) can draw down the already dangerous anthropogenic excess of CO2 and I think it is urgent that we start doing that — it's as urgent as ending CO2 emissions as rapidly as possible.

The declining signal over India shown by the GPCP decadal mode is broadly consistent with gauge measurements since the 1950s — that several research groups including my own are trying to understand, perhaps relating to emissions of anthropogenic aerosol — although there are discrepancies between these gauge - based data sets themselves (see our recent review in Nature Climate Change, for example).

On the other hand, we know that there is a good deal of deforestation going on, which works in the opposite direction (and which is included in the estimates of anthropogenic CO2 emissions).

It doesn't include other anthropogenic forcings, such as deforestation or methane emissions.

The Royal Society report includes references to Clark et al, 2016 in Nature Climate Change, suggesting the final sea level rise on millennia timescale caused by anthropogenic climate change (partly depending on future emissions) lies in a range between 29 to 55 metres and to DeConto & Pollard, 2016 in Nature, a study suggesting hydro - fracturing and ice cliff collapse around Antarctic ice sheets increases high end projection for sea level rise by 2100 to ± 2 metres.

That is low relative to the current emissions rate, but possibly a reasonable estimate once all anthropogenic emissions are included.

For the scenario representative of the years 2011 — 2013, the boundary conditions include anthropogenic sources of SO2 generated from Asia that are transported across the Pacific Ocean, emissions from ships in shipping lanes, along with sources from other states surrounding the SoCAB.

First, the original emission rates of SO2 and H2SO4 (3 % of total anthropogenic SO2 emitted) in the model (including emissions, boundary conditions, and initial conditions) were decreased by a factor of 4 compared with the 2005 base case to be consistent with the decrease in measured ambient SO2 concentrations since 2005 (SI Appendix, section 1 and Fig.

The WGI report is based on a new type of scenarios of future anthropogenic emissions called Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), which include a mitigation scenario leading to a very low climate forcing, two stabilization scenarios and one scenario with very high GHG emissions.

Lovelock still believes anthropogenic global warming is occurring and that mankind must lower its greenhouse gas emissions, but says it's now clear the doomsday predictions, including his own (and Al Gore's) were incorrect.

Primary emphasis is placed on investigation of climate sensitivity — globally and regionally, including the climate system's response to diverse forcings such as solar variability, volcanoes, anthropogenic and natural emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, paleo - climate changes, etc..

Reporting of LULUCF activities under the Kyoto Protocol refers to providing information, including estimates of the changes in carbon stocks and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks from land use, land - use change and forestry activities, on:

For the first commitment period decision 15 / CMP.1 Guidelines for the preparation of the information required under Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol stipulates that each Party included in Annex I shall include in its annual greenhouse gas inventory information on anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks from land use, land - use change and forestry activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, and, if any, elected activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 2, as elaborated by any good practice guidance in accordance with relevant decisions of the COP / MOP on land use, land - use change and forestry.

But even if, (1) anthropogenic emissions would have little to do with climate change, (2) the climate change in the next 100 years will be moderate, we have to face the fact that our Earth system (includes people) is not resilient nor sustainable in view of resource use, and the energy question is critical.

mikael pihlström (04:19:23): But even if, (1) anthropogenic emissions would have little to do with climate change, (2) the climate change in the next 100 years will be moderate, we have to face the fact that our Earth system (includes people) is not resilient nor sustainable in view of resource use, and the energy question is critical.

«(n) the promotion of sustainable settlement and transportation strategies in urban and rural areas including the promotion of measures to --(i) reduce energy demand in response to the likelihood of increases in energy and other costs due to long - term decline in non-renewable resources, (ii) reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and (iii) address the necessity of adaptation to climate change; in particular, having regard to location, layout and design of new development.»

The 2007 report focussed on greenhouse gasses, he said, whereas the 2013 report included all «anthropogenic forcings», including «the cooling effect from human aerosol emissions».

This does not include feedbacks from melting ice caps or carbon cycle feedbacks adding to anthropogenic emissions.

At a press conference in the Vatican Wednesday, Sánchez expressed his sanguine view that «the world now has within reach the scientific knowledge, technological tools and financial means to reverse anthropogenic climate change, while ending extreme poverty at the same time through solutions that include renewable and low carbon emission energy sources.»

That means when it comes to clouds anthropogenic forcing is not limited to GHG emissions, but also includes [other forms of] air pollution.

Title XVII: Incentives for Innovative Technologies -(Sec. 1702) Directs the Secretary of Energy to make guarantees for certain projects, including gasification and liquefaction projects, that: (1) avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; and (2) employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to commercial technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued.

In a recent article, we call this anthropogenic drought, which is water stress caused or intensified by human activities, including increased demand, outdated water management, climate change from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, growing energy and food production, intensive irrigation, diminished supplies, and land use change.

Topics include: Climate Forcing Agents and their Efficacy; Climate Sensitivity and Feedbacks; Anthropogenic Climate Change; Extreme Events; Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Temperature Limits and Mitigation Scenarios; and Geoengineering.

So, when you say «demonstrate that long term, global temperature trends matched the model projections when anthropogenic emissions were included in the inputs along with natural variability».

These findings are not sensitive to a wide range of assumptions, including the time series used to measure temperature, the omission of black carbon and stratospheric water vapor, and uncertainty about anthropogenic sulfur emissions and its effect on radiative forcing (SI Appendix: Sections 2.4 — 7).

(b) «Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change by addressing anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change;» (c) «Promote and cooperate in the development, application and diffusion, including transfer, of technologies, practices and processes that control, reduce or prevent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases...»

Here, we argue that the twentieth and twenty - first centuries, a period during which the overwhelming majority of human - caused carbon emissions are likely to occur, need to be placed into a long - term context that includes the past 20 millennia, when the last Ice Age ended and human civilization developed, and the next ten millennia, over which time the projected impacts of anthropogenic climate change will grow and persist.

Regardless of whether early land use significantly affected global climate, understanding the global role of land use in determining the onset and magnitude of anthropogenic climate change is critical for gauging the climatic impact of current and future modifications of the terrestrial biosphere, including efforts to offset fossil fuel emissions by reducing deforestation (114).

«Lately, along with mitigation of anthropogenic impacts on the climate system by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the world community places increasing emphasis on the economy and public adaptation to adverse effects of climate change, including analysis and prediction of emerging challenges and threats.»

Welcomes the agreement achieved by the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol on its work pursuant to decisions 1 / CMP.1, 1 / CMP.5 and 1 / CMP.6 in the areas of land use, land - use change and forestry (decision - / CMP.7), emissions trading and the project - based mechanisms (decision - / CMP.7), greenhouse gases, sectors and source categories, common metrics to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks, and other methodological issues (decision - / CMP.7) and the consideration of information on potential environmental, economic and social consequences, including spillover effects, of tools, policies, measures and methodologies available to Annex I Parties (decision - / CMP.7);

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

This new concept of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH formulated here accommodates the broad range of mechanisms involved in the anthropogenic forcing of pH in coastal ecosystems, including changes in land use, nutrient inputs, ecosystem structure and net metabolism, and emissions of gases to the atmosphere affecting the carbon system and associated pH. The new paradigm is applicable across marine systems, from open - ocean and ocean - dominated coastal systems, where OA by anthropogenic CO2 is the dominant mechanism of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH, to coastal ecosystems where a range of natural and anthropogenic processes may operate to affect pH.

Global anthropogenic emissions of mercury presented here are based on emission inventories and include industrial emissions as well as coal combustion.

(G&A are also inconsistent on a number of fronts, including applying the 20 - year GWP for methane to livestock but using the 100 - year GWP for other anthropogenic methane emissions, and making an adjustment to emissions figures for the year 2000 to account for increases in livestock tonnage between 2002 and 2009, but not making similar adjustments for rising fossil fuel consumption over the same time).

Argues that the twentieth and twenty - first centuries, a period during which the overwhelming majority of human - caused carbon emissions are likely to occur, need to be placed into a long - term context that includes the past 20 millennia, when the last Ice Age ended and human civilization developed, and the next ten millennia, over which time the projected impacts of anthropogenic climate change will grow and persist

The climate feedbacks involved with these changes, which are key in understanding the climate system as a whole, include: + the importance of aerosol absorption on climate + the impact of aerosol deposition which affects biology and, hence, emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors via organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and iron fertilization + the importance of land use and land use changes on natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources + the SOA sources and impact on climate, with special attention on the impact human activities have on natural SOA formation In order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding of the Earth system.

SCAR valuation of 1 % of current global anthropogenic (including open biomass burning) emissions to illustrate the relative benefits of a marginal change in emissions, using the indicated discount rates.