If I remember correctly, it accounts for about 1 % of
anthropogenic influence on climate change.
In the case of
anthropogenic influence on climate change, I have to strongly disagree with Gavin's assessment that «there are many uncertainties in many of the issues, but you will find all [emphasis is mine] of these outlined in the IPCC reports».
Not exact matches
Observed
changes in ocean heat content have now been shown to be inconsistent with simulated natural
climate variability, but consistent with a combination of natural and
anthropogenic influences both
on a global scale, and in individual ocean basins.
Michael E. Mann et al. (2017), «
Influence of
Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events», Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 45242, doi: 10.1038 / srep45242
While Pam and Haiyan, as well as other recent tropical cyclone disasters, can not be uniquely pinned
on global warming, they have no doubt been
influenced by natural and
anthropogenic climate change and they do remind us of our continuing vulnerability to such storms.
THEN STEFAN SAYS EXACTLY WHAT THE PRESIDENT WAS INFERRING IN HIS PRESS CONFERENCE; and what has been repeatedly said already in the IPCC Reports: «While Pam and Haiyan, as well as other recent tropical cyclone disasters, can not be uniquely pinned
on global warming, they have no doubt been
influenced by natural and
anthropogenic climate change and they do remind us of our continuing vulnerability to such storms.»
«
Influence of
Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events.»
The sinks have a major
influence on climate change and are important in understanding the link between
anthropogenic CO2 emissions and atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Observational records show that
anthropogenic -
influenced climate change has already had a profound impact
on global and U.S. warm season
climate over the past 30 years, and there is increasing contrast between geographic regions that are climatologically wet and dry - the hypothesis that the «wet gets wetter, dry gets drier» is seen in a new paper by Chang et al..
The suggestion that skillful decadal forecasts can be produced
on large regional scales by exploiting the response to
anthropogenic forcing provides additional evidence that
anthropogenic change in the composition of the atmosphere has
influenced the
climate.
Betts says:» the authors seem to assume that
climate science is entirely focussed
on anthropogenic climate change, and that natural variability is only researched as a supplementary issue in order to support the conclusions regarding
anthropogenic influence.»
This approach provides a hybrid assessment of the combined
influence of
anthropogenic climate change [determined from the ensemble - mean of the CESM - LE or from the multi-model Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) archive (Taylor et al. 2012)-RSB- and observed NAO variability
on climate over the coming decades.
Study
Influence of
Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events http://www.nature.com/articles/srep45242
After filtering their
influence there remains no evident signal suggesting any
influence of
anthropogenic climate change on the trend of flood losses in Europe during the assessed period.
A week after the event the climateprediction.net team, together with the World Weather Attribution team, provided an initial assessment of the
influence of
anthropogenic climate change on the likelihood of one - day precipitation events averaged over an area encompassing northern England and southern Scotland using data and methods available immediately after the event occurred.
These finding are similar to those reported a few years ago by Ramanathan and Carmichael but grossly dissimilar to those from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC), which says that black carbon is responsible for only about 10 % of the total
anthropogenic warming
influence.
Detection and attribution of external
influences on 20th - century and palaeoclimatic reconstructions, from both natural and
anthropogenic sources (Figure 9.4 and Table 9.4), further strengthens the conclusion that the observed
changes are very unusual relative to internal
climate variability.
The extinction of small and large, plant and animal is a daily event now, as
climate change increasingly joins the other
anthropogenic influences on the species of our planet.
As skeptics of catastrophic global warming have long advised,
climate change is primarily a result of natural forces that are not dependent
on anthropogenic influences.
«We show that
anthropogenic forcing has had a detectable
influence on observed
changes in average precipitation within latitudinal bands, and that these
changes can not be explained by internal
climate variability or natural forcing.
Overall, we find that
anthropogenic greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols have had a detectable
influence on sea - level pressure over the second half of the twentieth century: this represents evidence of human
influence on climate independent of measurements of temperature
change.»
This objective has led to the IPCC assessments being framed around identifying
anthropogenic influences on climate, dangerous environmental and socio - economic impacts of
climate change, and stabilization of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.
From the IPCC AR4: «The fact that
climate models are only able to reproduce observed global mean temperature
changes over the 20th century when they include
anthropogenic forcings, and that they fail to do so when they exclude
anthropogenic forcings, is evidence for the
influence of humans
on global
climate.»
Forster et al. (2007) described four mechanisms by which volcanic forcing
influences climate: RF due to aerosol — radiation interaction; differential (vertical or horizontal) heating, producing gradients and
changes in circulation; interactions with other modes of circulation, such as El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO); and ozone depletion with its effects
on stratospheric heating, which depends
on anthropogenic chlorine (stratospheric ozone would increase with a volcanic eruption under low - chlorine conditions).
One quote in the paper caught my attention: «Striving for balance in reporting, US journalists have given equal prominence to voices confirming or denying the human
influence on the
climate, thus putting dis - proportionate emphasis
on doubt about
anthropogenic climate change ``.
These scientists have found that, in the absence of any significant CO2 concentration
changes or human
influence during the Holocene (i.e., the last ~ 10,000 years), the deep oceans naturally warmed by more than 2 °C in a span of just 200 years, which is several times the rate in which they are alleged to have warmed in the last ~ 60 years of the supposedly dominant
anthropogenic influence on climate.