Lastly, increased
systemic inflammation seen during ageing is also
apparent in chronic
infections such HIV or cytomegalovirus, 10,15 obesity7 and individuals enduring chronic psychological stress.16 Similarly, the main features of immunosenescence are
apparent in many of these conditions, including decreased antibody responses, increased
infections, malignancies and also incidences of inflammatory associated disorders such as cardiovascular disease.7, 10,15,16 Inflammation and premature immunosenescence are, therefore, prevalent features of many common conditions of modern life, such as obesity and stress, and could have negative health consequences for large proportions of society well before old age is reached.