There is generally one eastward wind layer and one westward layer at any given time: a new layer of eastward winds
appears at upper levels once the previous eastward layer near the tropopause has been squeezed away by descending westward winds.
However, radiation changes
at the top of the atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon,
appear to be associated with reductions in tropical
upper -
level cloud cover, and are linked to changes in the energy budget
at the surface and changes in observed ocean heat content.
As seen in the height / time plot shown above, these alternating winds first
appear with a given sign
at upper levels and then descend more or less regularly before stalling and decaying near the tropopause.