Since 2010, the FDA has
approved immunotherapy treatments for prostate, kidney and lung cancers.
In the spring of 2011, the FDA
approved the immunotherapy treatment ipilimumab, known by the brand name Yervoy.
Head and neck cancer has one currently
approved immunotherapy, the checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab (Opdivo ®) and is one of the major cancer types for which new immune - based cancer treatments are in development.
The FDA also
approved another immunotherapy drug, Merck's pembrolizumab, known commercially as Keytruda, for patients with tumors harboring this defect regardless of cancer type.
Two doctors used FDA approvals and US cancer statistics to estimate that 70 percent of American cancer deaths are caused by types of cancer for which there are
no approved immunotherapy treatments.
On October 2, 2015, the FDA
approved the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda ®), made by Merck, as second - line treatment for patients with lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer - related death in the U.S. and the world.
They studied the effects of this treatment in combination with ipilimumab, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration -
approved immunotherapy.
The next year, the FDA
approved another immunotherapy agent, ipilimumab, to treat melanoma.
Merck already has an FDA
approved immunotherapy drug with KEYTRUDA, a treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.
Merck and Bristol - Myers Squibb each have
approved immunotherapy drugs, while Gilead Sciences announced Monday it plans to acquire Kite Pharma for $ 11.9 billion, just a few months before the FDA is expected to approve Kite's CAR - T drug for lymphoma on Nov. 29.
Still, the large majority of
approved immunotherapies aims at weakening or blocking pro-inflammatory components of the immune system.
Numerous FDA -
approved immunotherapies — such as Keytruda and Opdivo — have shown spectacular results, although the subset of the patient population responding to the treatment is still small.
Not exact matches
The FDA has
approved a four - week dosing schedule for Bristol - Myers Squibb's cancer
immunotherapy treatment Opdivo, doubling the current two - week schedule for a variety of cancers.
BMS's drug, ipilimumab (Yervoy), was the first checkpoint inhibitor (a kind of cancer
immunotherapy drug that essentially helps the immune system release its brake and go after tumor cells it might normally miss) to get
approved in the US in 2011 for melanoma.
In the second half of 2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
approved two
immunotherapies that use genetically engineered T cells (CAR - T cell therapy) to fight cancer.
The reason why I think Merck is the safest way to invest in
immunotherapy is because the company has a diverse portfolio of FDA
approved drugs on the market.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today
approved a new
immunotherapy drug to treat advanced melanoma, signaling a paradigm shift in the way the deadly skin cancer is treated.
Whether investigating fat cells,
immunotherapy or use of the CRISPR - Cas 9 gene - editing tool, which a federal panel recently
approved for a select number of patients suffering from three types of cancers, including multiple myeloma, approaches beyond attacking cancer cells are needed in the fight against many cancers.
The
immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab — already FDA -
approved for other forms of cancer - has been found to be effective in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer, according to an international clinical trial led by NYU Langone's Perlmutter Cancer Center.
A gene therapy treatment called CAR - T
immunotherapy has been
approved for use in a rare type of leukemia.
Two
immunotherapy drugs currently
approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of melanoma also show promise for treating a rare but aggressive form of papillary thyroid cancer.
The goal of cancer
immunotherapy, with several treatment options now
approved by the FDA, is to spark the immune system back into action.
Moreover, the researchers found that the re-educated TAMs could enhance the anti-tumoral efficacy of certain cancer
immunotherapies, some of which are already
approved for patients.
Combination
immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab as tested in the kidney cancer study described here is already FDA -
approved for treatment of melanoma, and is being tested for other cancers.
In their report published in Cancer Immunology Research, a team from the Vaccine and
Immunotherapy Center (VIC) at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) describes how adding AMD3100 (plerixafor)-- previously
approved for the stimulation of stem cell production prior to bone marrow transplantation — to their investigational drug VIC - 008 more than doubled the animals» survival time.
Cancer
immunotherapy drugs that block the inhibitory PD - 1 pathway have shown success in clinical trials and are now FDA -
approved for melanoma, lung cancer and bladder cancer.
Pembrolizumab is the sixth
immunotherapy (and fifth anti-PD-1 / PD - L1 checkpoint inhibitor) to be
approved for bladder cancer patients.
On October 27, 2015, the FDA
approved a new type of
immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma.
Kaufman, who authored «The Melanoma Book: A Complete Guide to Prevention and Treatment,» says new
immunotherapy treatments at Rutgers Cancer Institute — including the recently FDA -
approved drug Imlygic — are creating new hope for patients diagnosed with melanoma.
Dr. June: It's been a very exciting time to see the change from the skepticism that we've all had to go through in the past, to now where there are
immunotherapies being FDA
approved because they can activate cancer - specific T cells.
Early this week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
approved a combination
immunotherapy regimen for treating certain patients newly diagnosed with advanced renal cell carcinoma, the most common form...
Pembrolizumab is the third
immunotherapy (and first checkpoint inhibitor) to be
approved for patients with stomach and gastroesophageal cancer.
Avelumab is the fifth
immunotherapy (and fourth anti-PD-1 / PD - L1 checkpoint inhibitor) to be
approved for bladder cancer patients.
Nivolumab is the first
immunotherapy of any type to be
approved for liver cancer patients.
Currently,
immunotherapy is
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat kidney cancer patients only after they've tried more traditional therapies, such as targeted therapies killing the cancer's blood supply.
As of this writing,
immunotherapy for kidney cancer has been
approved for second - line kidney cancer treatment only.
Most recently, pembrolizumab (Keytruda ®), an anti-PD-1 checkpoint
immunotherapy, was
approved for patients with advanced, relapsed stomach cancer that expresses PD - L1.
For metastatic melanoma, there are currently three different types of
immunotherapy approved for use, and we specifically looked at that population of people.»
Dr. Wolchok has been at the forefront of cancer
immunotherapy and is renowned for leading the clinical trials that led to the first FDA -
approved checkpoint inhibitor
immunotherapy, the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab.
Cancer
immunotherapy with PD - 1 blockade has been
approved for many types of cancer and revolutionalized the concept of cancer treatment.
«
Immunotherapy drugs currently
approved to treat cancer block the negative signals that minimize T cell activity,» explains Ware.
In addition to bevacizumab (Avastin ®) a targeted antibody that is already
approved for cervical cancer patients, there are several other types of
immunotherapies that are being evaluated for cervical cancer, including some in combination.
In 2014, the
immunotherapy blinatumomab (Blincyto ®) was
approved for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome - negative precursor B cell ALL that is refractory or has recurred.
Ramuacirumab (CYRAMZA ®), an anti-VEGFR2 targeted antibody, is also appproved for esophageal cancer patients, while pembrolizumab (Keytruda ®), an anti-PD-1 checkpoint
immunotherapy, is
approved for patients with advanced cancers of the gastroesophageal junction that express PD - L1.
The FDA has
approved several
immunotherapies for melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer.
Most recently, tisagenlecleucel — a CAR T cell
immunotherapy targeting the CD19 protein — was
approved for children and young adults with ALL.
In 2015, another type of
immunotherapy — oncolytic virus therapy — was
approved for the local treatment of unresectable cutaneous, subcutaneous, and nodal lesions in patients with melanoma that has recurred after initial surgery.
Several
immunotherapies are currently
approved by the FDA and many more are in clinical development.
Next year, he said, the agency could
approve a series of
immunotherapies for ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, mesothelioma and a type of breast cancer, among others.
It has been generally surmised that intralesional therapies will be combined with the successful systemic
immunotherapies — the checkpoint inhibitors or targeted therapies already
approved or in development.