Comparison of Allotment and Agricultural Soils The remarkable contrast in soil quality indicators (higher SOC, C: N, TN and lower BD) between allotments and
arable fields reveals the effectiveness of management achieved by own - growers.
Grazed, mixed open woodlands have been transformed into dense forests and domestic grazers have been relocated from woodlands to
arable fields and semi-natural grasslands.
Several comparative analyses carried out in Europe have shown plant species diversity in organic
arable fields to be 30 to 350 percent higher than in conventional ones.
In Sweden a number of declining, endangered and rare species were recorded on organic
arable fields, showing that organic agriculture can contribute to maintaining biodiversity29.
The higher floral diversity and abundance in organic
arable fields is generally due to the ban on synthetic N - fertilizers and herbicides.
Many endangered or rare species which are enhanced by semi-natural habitats and field margins were more abundant in organic
arable fields than in the integrated managed fields.
Today, the diversity of the typical wild flora on
arable fields, which is the main habitat for a wide range of species, is at risk.
With regard to pollinators, which greatly benefit from a richness of flowers, the fact that flowering weeds are more diverse and more abundant in organic
arable fields and in organic grassland compared to conventional fields, where only few species and numbers were found, is particularly important.
Semi-natural habitats are refuges for endangered plant species which in former times were found in meadows and
arable fields.
An arable field in Cambridgeshire has yielded a new species of spider.
Not exact matches
Arable land is covered with concrete at the rate of three football
fields each minute.
For most of the past century, U.S. farmers drained such plots to increase their
arable acreage or improve tillable but overly damp
fields.
Yet farming and ranching already exact a daunting toll on the environment: burn down rain forests to create more
arable land, dump fertilizers onto
fields that run off and choke life in rivers and oceans, emit volumes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, use up vast stores of freshwater for irrigation.
A. Ester and his colleagues at the Research Station for
Arable Farming and
Field Production of Vegetables in Lelystad, the Netherlands, devised experiments to determine the effect of (E)- beta - farnesene on aphids.
Also, there isn't much
arable land anymore for cotton
fields, as we also have to produce food for a growing population.»
Some other statistics: About half of the world's tropical forests have been cleared (FAO) Forests currently cover about 30 percent of the world's land mass (National Geographic) Forest loss contributes between 6 percent and 12 percent of annual global carbon dioxide emissions (Nature Geoscience) About 36 football
fields worth of trees lost every minute (World Wildlife Fund (WWF)-RRB- Rain Forest Threats, Rain Forest Species More than half of Earth's rain forests have already been lost forever to the insatiable human demand for wood and
arable land.
These are lined with tall palm tress and give way to
arable land, grazing Bali Cows, the occasional private Bali luxury villa and otherwise vast paddy
fields and small Balinese communities.
Importantly, depletion of SOC in conventional agricultural
fields is now thought to be an important factor constraining productivity as many
arable soils have suboptimal concentrations (Lal 2010).
Prolonged winters, advancing glaciers, colder summers, more frequent storms and extended cloudiness reduced
arable land, shortened growing seasons, rotted grain in wet
fields, and brought -LSB-...]