As a way to address this issue, this article proposes a «two - options» approach, under which
arbitral tribunals order restitution as the first option, and compensation as the second option, enabled when the first option fails.
An interim measure is any temporary measure by which, at any time prior to the issuance of the award by which the dispute is finally decided,
the arbitral tribunal orders a party, for example and without limitation, to: (a) maintain or restore the status quo pending determination of the dispute; (b) take action that would prevent, or refrain from taking action that is likely to cause, (i) current or imminent harm or (ii) prejudice to the arbitral process itself; (c) provide a means of preserving assets out of which a subsequent award may be satisfied; or (d) preserve evidence that may be relevant and material to the resolution of the dispute.
Not exact matches
In 2009 the
arbitral tribunal found that it had jurisdiction over the dispute and in 2012 the
arbitral tribunal delivered a final award on the merits, unanimously stating that the Russian Federation was guilty of expropriation and
ordered Russia to pay compensation in accordance with the BIT.
For instance, in a 1968 case, a Swiss court refused to issue an enforcement
order on the grounds that the
arbitral tribunal had not complied with the agreement of the parties that «all disputes should be settled in one and the same
arbitral proceedings» and instead conducted the arbitration in two stages.904 In a 2001 case, the Italian Supreme Court enforced a first award but not a second award made with respect to the same dispute.
In the
arbitral award, the
tribunal had found the appellant in breach of EU competition law and
ordered it to pay damages.
Summary: The respondent in the arbitration challenged a separate award on costs, in which the
arbitral tribunal had
ordered the respondent to reimburse the claimant for the respondent's part of...
Probably taking into consideration of the aforesaid instance, Mr. Justice Mamnoon Rahman [7] has addressed to the fact that it is the generally accepted principal in each developed legal system that the state court
order interim and conservatory measures in support of arbitration despite the powers of the
arbitral tribunals to do so.
Indeed, the majority further expressed the view (obiter) that an
arbitral tribunal could
order a final (rather than interim) award requiring compliance with the DAB's decision if that is all that the
tribunal was asked to rule on.
In such a fashion, courts should only intervene in
order to assist the
tribunal (e.g. the
arbitral tribunal is not empowered to issue precautionary measures) or to control the lawfulness - not the merits - of the award (e.g. annulment action).
If a party so requests or if the
arbitral tribunal considers it necessary, the expert shall, after delivery of the report, participate in a hearing where the parties have the opportunity to put questions to him or her and to present expert witnesses in
order to testify on the points at issue.
The
arbitral tribunal may
order that any documents annexed to the statement of claim or statement of defence, and any supplementary documents or exhibits submitted in the course of the proceedings, delivered in their original language, shall be accompanied by a translation into the language or languages agreed upon by the parties or determined by the
arbitral tribunal.
- there is no need to give an
arbitral tribunal the power to
order security for costs against a third party funder, as the powers of an
arbitral tribunal under the Arbitration Ordinance to
order a party to give security for costs afford adequate protection.
Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the
arbitral tribunal may
order that pre-award and post-award interest (either simple or compound) be paid by any party on any sum awarded at such rates as the
arbitral tribunal decides to be appropriate (without being bound by rates of interest practised by any state court or other legal authority).
The party requesting an interim measure under paragraphs 2 (a) to (c) shall satisfy the
arbitral tribunal that: (a) harm not adequately reparable by an award of damages is likely to result if the measure is not
ordered, and such harm substantially outweighs the harm that is likely to result to the party against whom the measure is directed if the measure is granted; and (b) there is a reasonable possibility that the requesting party will succeed on the merits of the claim.
Within the time
ordered by the
arbitral tribunal, the parties shall inform the
arbitral tribunal whether they have any objections as to the expert's qualifications, impartiality or independence.
Any deposit of security for costs
ordered by the
tribunal pursuant to article 26 shall be directed to the Secretariat and disbursed by it upon
order from the
arbitral tribunal.
If such payment is not made, the
arbitral tribunal may
order the suspension or termination of the
arbitral proceedings.
The
arbitral tribunal shall have the power to issue such an
order unless there are remaining matters that may need to be decided and the
arbitral tribunal considers it appropriate to do so.
The
arbitral tribunal has the power to take appropriate measures, including issuing an
order or award for sanctions or costs, if a party breaches the provisions of paragraphs 6 and 7 of this article.
Arbitral tribunals generally have a broad power to make procedural
orders.
In addition, the parties can impose specific duties on an
arbitral tribunal in their arbitration agreement or in the arbitrators» terms of appointment, which could preclude the use of certain procedural
orders or require resolution of the dispute within a certain time period.
If a party fails to comply with an
order of the
arbitral tribunal, the
tribunal must first issue a peremptory
order specifying a time for compliance.
Enforcement of preliminary relief and interim measures
ordered by an
arbitral tribunal in England and Wales is a two - step process.
7.6 What is the approach of national courts to the enforcement of preliminary relief and interim measures
ordered by
arbitral tribunals in your jurisdiction and in other jurisdictions?
The court will not act unless the applicant has exhausted any available
arbitral process, which addresses the failure to comply with the
tribunal's
order (section 42 (3)-RRB-.
7.5 Does the law of your jurisdiction allow for the national court and / or
arbitral tribunal to
order security for costs?
8.2 What powers does an
arbitral tribunal have to
order disclosure / discovery and to require the attendance of witnesses?
18 (1) On a party's request, an
arbitral tribunal may make an
order for the detention, preservation or inspection of property and documents that are the subject of the arbitration or as to which a question may arise in the arbitration, and may
order a party to provide security in that connection.
Both the courts and the
arbitral tribunal are empowered to
order security for costs in certain circumstances.
In such cases, courts and
arbitral tribunals are likely to scrutinise the contracts carefully in
order to determine the scope of the arbitration agreement (in Trust Risk Group SpA v AmTrust Europe Ltd [2015] EWCA Civ 437, the argument was unsuccessful; in C v D1, D2 and D3 [2015] EWHC 2126 (Comm), the argument was successful).
It is envisaged that one such scenario could be where the foreign
arbitral tribunal has power to make an interim
order, but that
order can not otherwise be enforced in
In his view, the second letter gave Levicom no advice about how damages were to be measured if they wished to claim them, either because an
order for the disposal of the shares (which Linklaters were advising should be sought from the
arbitral tribunal) might not be made, or for any other reason.
While section 9 of the Ontario ICAA says that an
order of the
arbitral tribunal for an interim measure of protection is subject to the provisions of the Model Law as if it were an award, a court in another jurisdiction may not consider it to be so.
If it is likely that the opposite party will abide by the
order and the parties simply need a preliminary ruling on a matter, and if a faster hearing can be obtained before the
arbitral tribunal than before a court, then the motion likely should be brought to the
arbitral tribunal.
Reliance is placed on para 51 of the
order passed by the learned single Judge which recorded that the interim relief granted to continue till
arbitral tribunal at London passes such other
order or directions.
After filing the petition before the High Court of Malaysia, the respondents made a request to the
tribunal to conduct the remaining
arbitral proceedings at Kuala Lumpur, but their request was rejected vide
order dated 20.4.2006 and it was declared that the remaining
arbitral proceedings will be held in London.
The decision appears to leave open the possibility of appealing an
arbitral decision if it amounts to a «final
order» even if it is not the final award of the
tribunal: Universal Settlements International Inc. v. Duscio.
An interim
arbitral order which is not a final award of the
arbitral tribunal may not be enforceable outside the place of the arbitration.
If the
order must be enforced out of the jurisdiction of the place of the
arbitral tribunal, a court motion may be more appropriate in
order to obtain an
order that another court will enforce.
By another
order dated 30.10.2003, the
arbitral tribunal directed that the hearing of the application filed by the claimants for taking on record the supplementary claim will take place at London on 15.11.2003, on which date, the following
order was passed in Arbitration Case No. 3 of 2003: