So Reeve and colleagues used a method called X-ray crystallography to discern, for the first time, the precise shape of
archaea DNA bound to histones.
The researchers saw that
archaea DNA coils around the histones, similar to the way it does in eukaryotes.
But the way
archaea DNA twists around histones isn't identical to the coils of DNA seen in eukaryotes.
Not exact matches
In eukaryotes such as animals and plants,
DNA is stored inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes such as bacteria and
archaea, the
DNA is in the cell's cytoplasm.
Archaea with normal histone -
DNA shapes can handle that kind of midlife crisis.
Researchers tested the importance of that rodlike architecture by tampering with the histone -
DNA structures of some
archaea and then observing how these mutant
archaea fared in different conditions.
The resemblance between
archaea and eukaryote
DNA wrapping means that the first organism that used this storage scheme was an ancestor of both modern eukaryotes and
archaea, the researchers conclude.
It showed that the
archaea's particular
DNA - histone architecture was «biologically relevant, not just a novelty,» he says.
This finding provides new insight into the evolutionary origins of the
DNA - packing process and the secret to
archaea's hardiness, which enables some to live in acid, boiling water or other extreme environments.
WOUND UP
Archaea microbes wrap their
DNA (represented in yellow) around proteins called histones (purple) akin to the way plants and animals do.
Unlike bacteria, some
archaea also contain histones, but researchers weren't sure whether these microbes spool
DNA around the protein bobbins the way eukaryotes do.
What Claverie calls «the final click» came after comparative analysis of Mimi's
DNA with that of other organisms in life's three domains: the eukaryotes, bacteria, and
archaea.
After filtering the water to catch only bacteria or
archaea, they extracted
DNA.
(The eukarya, thought to be descended from the
archaea, rely on archaean - type genes to manage their
DNA and to translate its genetic information into protein products.)
«
Archaea resemble bacterial cells in size and shape but their cell cycle events — such as division and
DNA replication — are a hybrid between eukaryotes and bacteria.»
Other theories hold that the prokaryotes that gave rise to early eukaryotes were probably from the Domain
Archaea, both because of several key characteristics and because
DNA sequence comparison suggest that archaeans are more closely related to the eukaryotes than are eubacteria.