Very little data exists on the differences in the moment
arm lengths between the two heads of the biceps.
Comparing the effect of squats with different stance widths, Escamilla et al. (2001a) reported differences in ankle moment
arm lengths between narrow, medium, and wide stance width squats at most points in the lowering and lifting phases.
Comparing the effect of squats with different stance widths, Escamilla et al. (2001a) reported no differences in hip moment
arm lengths between the narrow, medium, and wide stance width squats at any point in the lowering and lifting phases, except at 45 degrees of knee flexion in the lifting phase, when the medium and wide stance width squats displayed greater hip moment arm lengths than narrow stance width squats.
There is no difference in lumbosacral external moment
arm length between the hexagonal barbell and straight barbell deadlifts.
Not exact matches
Any time there is a service transaction
between a nonprofit parent and a for - profit subsidiary, both boards have to approve it and be able to show that the for - profit paid actual market rates for the product or service (proving that the parent and subsidiary are conducting
arm's -
length transactions and not receiving special favors).
«The Clintons had to create some sort of
arm's
length»
between the organization and the prospect of a second Clinton White House, Wonderlich said, «but now there's no need for any
arm's
length.
The homeowner has the same incentive as before to maintain the house (and) it creates an
arm's -
length relationship
between the homeowner and investor,» Weiss said.
All transactions
between the two companies will be conducted on an
arms -
length basis and approved by the independent directors of each company.
At any rate there should be an
arms length and a bit more
between government and where the money is actually invested.
During the Energy East review Board members violated the
arms -
length relationship required in dealings
between an NEB Panel and project proponent.
Between Reath's production inside and Waters» unremitting, up - tempo craftiness on both ends of the court, LSU was able to keep the Aggies at
arm's
length throughout.
Moving from ESPN to ABC News presumably required a real
arms -
length transaction even though they're just moving
between Disney properties.
«An
arms length relationship
between the Tory leadership and the No campaign that meant Cameron was unable to stop the targeting of the politically toxic Nick Clegg and his broken promises Main AV could only be defeated if a large number of Labour supported voted to keep First Past The Post and from the earliest days of the campaign huge efforts were made to ensure the No campaign was genuinely cross-party»
«Despite being represented by counsel, despite the involvement of sophisticated municipal officers, and despite significant
arms»
length negotiations
between the parties, there is no provision in that contract or the deeds conveying the land to COR that prohibits COR from applying for a PILOT for the subject property,» it said.
An
arms length relationship
between the Tory leadership and the No campaign that meant Cameron was unable to stop the targeting of the politically toxic Nick Clegg and his broken promises
«Given the ethical cloud that has enveloped Albany, our advice would be to keep an
arm's
length between those who lobby and those who run campaigns,» said Horner.
Clark and his team can change the colour of the pixels by altering the
lengths of their
arms or the distance
between them.
Light bounces back and forth
between large mirrors at the ends of each
arm, and physicists use an optical phenomenon called interference to compare the
lengths of the
arms and detect the stretching of space.
For example, he showed how it was possible to greatly increase the effective
length of the interferometer
arms by creating what is known as a Fabry - Pérot cavity, in which the laser beams bounce back and forth many times
between mirrors at either ends of the
arms before their recombination at the beam splitter.
Between 15 and 30 degrees of plantar - flexion, the moment
arm length increased only slightly.
Thus it appears that the peak moment
arm length is displayed
between 60 degrees of pronation and a neutral forearm position.
Murray et al. (1995) found that the overall moment
arm length of the biceps varied
between its maximum and minimal by 40 % for men and 52 % for females.
Ettema et al. (1998) found that the short head of the biceps displays a peak moment
arm that ranged
between 30.5 to 62.1 mm while the minimum moment
arm length was approximately 30.5 to 44.5 mm, based on the maximum and minimum values for 3 cadavers.
The moment
arm length increases slightly
between 80 degrees of pronation to 50 degrees where it plateaus to 0 degrees of pronation (neutral).
The moment
arm length rises
between 80 degrees of rotation to its peak at 45 degrees and then falls gradually
between 45 degrees of pronation and 60 degrees of supination where it approaches and remains at zero (
length = 0 mm).
Since the moment
arm lengths for hip extension appear to be similar
between the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris (long head)(Dostal et al. 1986), this may imply that one muscle in each subgroup is better suited for producing large excursions with high joint angular velocities while the other may be better suited for performing very forceful muscular contractions over short excursions (see review by Lieber and Fridén, 2000).
In support of this finding, Murray et al. (2002) found that the peak moment
arm length of the triceps was 23.0 mm and ranged
between 18.0 — 28.0 mm.
Keuchle et al. (2000) shows the peak moment
arm length is typically displayed
between 10 degrees of internal rotation (thumb facing up and inward) and 20 degrees of external rotation (thumbs facing up and outward).
The moment
arm length displays a plateau
between 120 — 100 degrees of shoulder flexion.
The latissimus dorsi is a primary shoulder extensor in the scapular plane but the peak moment
arm lengths vary widely
between regions.
Between 80 degrees and 40 degrees the moment
arm length linearly increases and reaches a plateau around 30 degrees where its peak moment
arm length is displayed.
Muscle moment
arm lengths are the distances
between the perpendicular force that is applied, and the joint.
The moment
arm length appears to resemble a shallow bell - curve with the peak moment
arm at mid-range
between -60 degrees external rotation and 80 degrees of internal rotation.
The overall average moment
arm lengths of the deltoids appear to range
between -16.8 mm to 24.6 mm depending on the segment of the deltoids and the range of motion measured (Keuchle et al. 1997).
They reported that the moment
arm length linearly increases
between 120 degrees and
between 80 — 60 degrees, where a shorter plateau is displayed, before a linear decrease in moment
arm length as the shoulder moves towards 0 degrees of shoulder abduction.
Between 70 and 120 degrees of abduction the moment
arm length linearly decreases before reaching a moment
arm length of -20.0 mm.
The moment
arm length displays a plateau region
between 120 and 80 degrees measuring less than -5 mm.
Between 75 and 120 degrees the moment
arm length appears to decrease linearly until reaching approximately -15.0 mm at 120 degrees of abduction (
arms overhead).
A small plateau
between 65 and 75 exists where the peak moment
arm length lies.
They reported that the moment
arm length is unchanged
between 90 — 55 degrees of shoulder abduction, displaying a moment
arm length of approximately -38.0 to -40.0 mm.
The middle deltoid displays a large moment
arm length which plateaus
between 60 degrees to 120 degrees (
arms above head).
The moment
arm length increases
between 0 degrees and 70 degrees of shoulder abduction.
The moment
arm length increases
between 120 degrees and 60 degrees of shoulder flexion.
The peak moment
arm length of the latissimus dorsi muscle overall ranges
between -21.1 to -45.0 mm depending on what region of the muscle is being measured and the joint angle.
Ackland et al. (2008) reported that the peak moment
arm length of the latissimus dorsi was displayed in a wide range
between 10 — 71 degrees of shoulder flexion depending on the muscle region measured.
Between 35 and 0 degrees the moment
arm length appears to decrease linearly until reaching approximately 12.0 mm at 0 degrees of flexion.
They report that the moment
arm length changed
between 100 and 40 degrees of shoulder abduction from approximately -30.0 to -43.0 mm.
Between 100 — 60 degrees of shoulder flexion the moment
arm length increases linearly approximately -5.0 mm to -10.0 mm.
This value is similar to those reported by Blemker and Delp (2005) who built a three - dimensional musculoskeletal model and found that the moment
arm length of the gluteus maximus ranged
between 1.5 — 6.5 cm, with a median value of around 4 cm.
This is because of differences in external moment
arm lengths, which can be either knee flexor or knee extensor
between different individuals and when using different barbell types.