Sentences with phrase «arm lengths of»

In the scapular plane, peak moment arm lengths of the superior, middle and inferior regions are displayed at 71, 10 and 10 degrees, respectively.

The overall average moment arm lengths of the deltoids appear to range between -16.8 mm to 24.6 mm depending on the segment of the deltoids and the range of motion measured (Keuchle et al. 1997).

There is limited information available about the moment arm lengths of the deltoids for performing shoulder horizontal abduction and adduction.

Ettema et al. (1998) compared the moment arm lengths of the three heads of the triceps muscle.

The moment arm lengths of the hamstrings do not alter substantially (Nemeth et al. 1984).

However, Vigotsky et al. (2015) performed a musculoskeletal modelling investigation and found that a 100 % increase in anatomical cross-sectional area led to increases in the internal moment arm lengths of the biceps brachii and brachialis by 27.2 % and 37.3 %, respectively.

Thus, changes in the internal moment arm lengths of the gluteus maximus and hamstrings do not appear to explain the greater hip extension moment in greater degrees of hip flexion angle.

The obturator externus and pectineus seem to be less important hip adductors, with muscle moment arm lengths of just 2.4 cm and 3.2 cm, respectively (Dostal et al. 1986).

The moment arm lengths of the three primary hip extensors change with changing hip flexion angle.

This indicates that the moment arm lengths of the triceps muscle likely varies substantially from person - to - person but other data indicates that moment arm lengths are likely associated with the muscle cross-sectional area of the triceps as well as the exact dimensions of the olecranon (Sugisaki et al. 2010).

The moment arm lengths of the pectoralis major change considerably depending on (1) where in the overall joint range of motion they are measured, and (2) which part of the muscle is measured (upper, middle, or lower).

Dostal et al. (1986) reported that the adductor magnus displayed muscle moment arm lengths of -0.3 cm (i.e. external rotation) and 0.4 cm (i.e. internal rotation) for the middle and posterior portions, respectively.

This indicates that the moment arm lengths of the triceps may vary substantially from person - to - person at the same joint angle.

Németh and Ohlsén (1985) reported that the adductor magnus muscle moment arm length for hip extension was just 1.5 — 2.4 cm in the anatomical position, compared to 6.1 — 6.8 cm for the hamstrings, and 7.5 — 8.1 cm for the gluteus maximus, while Dostal et al. (1986) reported muscle moment arm lengths of 3.9 cm and 5.8 cm for the middle and posterior portions, respectively.

To date, muscle moment arm studies using cadavers or computerised models have not been able to provide data on the moment arm lengths of the trapezius during its primary actions.

However, Ackland et al. (2011) explored the moment arm lengths of the neck muscles and found that the upper and middle fibers of the trapezius displayed its greatest force producing capacity during neck extension.

Those limitations have constrained their designs to arm lengths of «only» millions of kilometers.

From one of the best violin brands for beginners that have arm lengths of about 22 inches, the handcrafted Stentor 3/4 Violin is a great choice for your little musician!

People are also concerned about his arm length of 33 3/8 inches.

Overall, the peak moment arm length of the calf muscle group is around 52.0 mm.

Murray et al. (1995) found that the overall moment arm length of the biceps varied between its maximum and minimal by 40 % for men and 52 % for females.

In contrast, Bremer et al. (2006) found that the peak moment arm length of the biceps was 14 mm while the lowest moment arm length was 6 mm.

Jarrett et al. (2012) investigated the moment arm length of the short and long head of the biceps at three different positions: 60 degrees supination, neutral and 60 degrees pronation.

While the peak moment arm length of the long head was 8.5 mm, and the minimum was 6.1 mm.

In support of this finding, Murray et al. (2002) found that the peak moment arm length of the triceps was 23.0 mm and ranged between 18.0 — 28.0 mm.

The pectoralis major (clavicular head) displays a peak moment arm (length = +30.2 mm) at 120 degrees (arms over head) and its lowest moment arm length of 2.5 degrees at +3.1 mm (Ackland et al., 2008).

Nevertheless, it seems that the moment arm length of the triceps decreases gradually in a linear fashion as elbow flexion increases.

The moment arm length of the adductor magnus increases as hip flexion increases from full hip extension to 90 degrees of hip flexion, being largest in at least 90 degrees of hip flexion (partial squat).

Keuchle et al (1997) reported that the pectoralis major as a whole displayed an average moment arm length of 41.0 mm and a minimum moment arm length of approximately 20.0 mm.

Little data exists regarding the effect of the elbow joint angle on the moment arm length of the triceps.

As you can see from the chart below, the clavicular head of the pectoralis major displays the largest shoulder flexion muscle moment arm out of all parts of the pectoralis major, with a peak moment arm length of 53.7 mm at 71 degrees of shoulder flexion (arms just below parallel with the ground).

Ackland et al. (2008) showed that the pectoralis major (clavicular head) displayed a peak moment arm length of 30.2 mm at 120 degrees of shoulder flexion (arms above head) and a minimum moment arm length at 2.5 degrees (length = +3.1 mm) of shoulder scapular plane flexion.

Ackland et al. (2008) reported the anterior and middle deltoid display similarly large peak shoulder abduction moment arm lengths (anterior = 30.2 mm; middle = 29.1 mm), while the posterior deltoid displayed a peak shoulder adduction moment arm length of -15.9 mm.

The deltoid muscle as a whole does not contribute to humeral axial rotation, as the moment arm length of the deltoid is approximately zero.

In contrast, Ackland et al. (2008) reported the middle deltoid also displayed a peak moment arm length of only 12.2 mm at 120 degrees of shoulder flexion.

As explained above, the inferior fibers of the latissimus dorsi muscle display a peak moment arm length of -10.8 mm at 53 degrees of shoulder flexion and a minimum moment arm length of -2.9 mm at 120 degrees.

The middle deltoid displays a peak moment arm length of approximately 25.0 mm at 40 degrees of flexion, while the minimum moment arm length approaches zero at 0 and 120 degrees of adduction (arms to side and across body).

They reported that the hip extension moment arm length of the gluteus maximus was around 8 cm and was greater than that of the other hip extensors (adductor magnus and hamstrings).

Thus the moment arm length of the deltoid is approximately zero and therefore, do not assist in rotation of the arm in the shoulder joint (glenoid fossa).

In contrast, Ackland et al. (2008) showed that the posterior deltoid displayed a peak shoulder extension moment arm length of -33.0 mm at 30 degrees of flexion (arm pointing down), indicating that it likely acts as a primary shoulder extensor, second to the teres major while the arm is close to the body.

The inferior fibers displayed a peak moment arm length of 38.1 mm at a shoulder flexion angle of 71 degrees, while the minimum moment arm length was -3.3 mm at 10 degrees.

Between 70 and 120 degrees of abduction the moment arm length linearly decreases before reaching a moment arm length of -20.0 mm.

Therefore, the superior fibers display the largest moment arm length of the latissimus dorsi, while the middle fibers display the smallest.

They reported that the moment arm length is unchanged between 90 — 55 degrees of shoulder abduction, displaying a moment arm length of approximately -38.0 to -40.0 mm.

The superior fibers of the latissimus dorsi appear to display a peak moment arm length of -31.5 mm at 71 degrees (arms slightly below horizontal) and a minimum moment arm length of -7.8 mm at 10 degrees (arms close to the sides).

The superior fibers of the latissimus dorsi displayed a peak moment arm length of 22.1 mm at 45 degrees of shoulder flexion (midway below horizontal) and a minimum moment arm length of -0.1 mm at 120 degrees (arms above the head).

The peak moment arm length of the latissimus dorsi muscle overall ranges between -21.1 to -45.0 mm depending on what region of the muscle is being measured and the joint angle.

Ackland et al. (2008) reported that the peak moment arm length of the latissimus dorsi was displayed in a wide range between 10 — 71 degrees of shoulder flexion depending on the muscle region measured.

The posterior deltoid displays a peak adductor moment arm length of -15.9 mm at 5 degrees (arms by side), while the lowest moment arm length was 2.0 mm at 120 degrees (arms above head).

In contrast, the posterior deltoid displays an average extensor muscle moment arm length of -0.17 mm, indicating that it probably functions differently than the anterior and middle deltoids.