Then in 2011, a team of radio astronomers led by Matthew Bailes of Australia's Swinburne University of Technology found a third planetary
system around a pulsar, one unlike either of the previous two.
The rotation and magnetism combine to whip
particles around the pulsar into a frenzy approaching the speed of light, but how that works is poorly known.
A year later, these stabs in the dark paid off when researchers proved super-Earths are not just a funky
phenomenon around pulsars.
It continuously scans about one - third of the sky overhead, which provided researchers with a broad view of the
space around the pulsars.
We're certainly hoping to see this space - grit orbiting
nicely around the pulsar, rather than some distant blob of Galactic background!»
A disk of gas
formed around the pulsar, originating either from a nearby companion star, or from the so - called supernova fallback material — part of the star's expelled debris that did not develop enough speed to escape into space.
The first extrasolar planets were discovered in 1992
around the pulsar PSR 1257 +12 by using this method.
The stellar material forms a
disk around the pulsar (multicolored ring) before falling on to the surface at the magnetic poles.
But if astronomers find more planetary
systems around pulsars, they probably won't be so much like our solar system, says infrared astronomer Dana Backman of Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
The photons arrive in two precise beams which should be created far from the neutron star surface: on the far end of the magnetosphere or outside it, in the ultra-relativistic wind of
particles around the pulsar, to be able to accelerate electrons to such energies and to escape the large absorption in the magnetised atmosphere.
Pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) are produced when the energetic particles streaming from pulsars shoot along the stars» magnetic fields, form tori — donut - shaped rings —
around the pulsar's equatorial plane, and jet along the spin axis, often sweeping back into long tails as the pulsars» quickly cut through the interstellar medium.