All seven planets discovered in
orbit around the red dwarf star TRAPPIST - 1 could easily fit inside the orbit of Mercury, the innermost planet of our solar system.
As detailed in a previous AmericaSpace article, a past statistical analysis done by a research team led by Dr. Mikko Tuomi concluded that habitable «Super-Earths» may be rather
common around red dwarf stars.
The European team did determine that gas giant planets like Saturn and Jupiter are relatively
rare around red dwarf stars, and that super-Earths - planets a few times the diameter of Earth - are common.
Because they are cooler than the Sun, the habitable
zones around red dwarf stars are much closer than Earth is to the Sun, and so we end up with scaled - down planetary systems.
But this statistical unlikelihood might also suggest that life is wholly
impossibly around red dwarf stars, or else any type of conscious observers that do develop around such stars will be drastically different from our type of conscious life.
Of these newfound planets, one in particular — known as Kepler - 186f — is an Earth - size planet orbiting
around a red dwarf star about 490 light years from Earth.
But the ultimate kicker when considering «Earth - like»
exoplanets around red dwarf stars is that just because red dwarfs are small, it doesn't mean they are docile.
According to Nikole Lewis, Webb's project scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, the telescope could perform the simultaneous detection of methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmospheres of some
planets around red dwarf stars.
The researchers say they detected the presence of two new extrasolar planets (exoplanets)
around a red dwarf star, Gliese 581, 20.5 light - years away in the constellation Libra, based on slight motions of the star.
Other recent discoveries of nearby Earth - sized planets have been
around red dwarf stars, including TRAPPIST - 1 and Proxima Centauri, but these create less favorable conditions for life.
An artist's impression of a stretched rocky planet in orbit
around a red dwarf star.
If these red dwarf stars will eventually become the predominant place for conscious observers to develop, then why do we not instead find
ourselves around a red dwarf star billions or trillions of years into the future?
So, in an effort to confront this ambiguity, the researchers ran some simulations of a 1.3 Earth - mass world (the approximate mass of Proxima b) in orbit
around a red dwarf star to see what form it might take.
Most planets on the two dozen or so list of «habitable» worlds (in the right place for water to be liquid) are
around red dwarf stars.
In fact, as another recent modeling study demonstrated, planets in tight orbits
around red dwarf stars might be getting lashed by an insane number of high - energy solar flares, stripping their atmospheres faster than they can be replenished.