Sentences with phrase «artificial selection»

The team created the protein using a process of artificial selection called directed evolution.

You can still see artificial selection in action in many parts of the world, where dogs exist on the margins of society and feed on scraps.

If certain qualities are consistently favored over time, we begin to see the creation of a breed via artificial selection.

In the next section, we'll learn how both natural and artificial selection led to the evolution of the modern dog.

Even artificial selection takes time — and depends upon pre-existing genetic variation.

The researchers believe the mutation became fixed within different breeds during 300 - odd years of artificial selection — that is, dog breeding.

They also concluded that artificial selection in domestic animals targeted different functional categories than natural selection.

This manipulation involves either controlled pollination, genetic engineering, or both, followed by artificial selection of progeny.

The first chapter of «On the Origin of Species» discusses the domestication of animals such as as pigeons, cattle and dogs, and Darwin then uses artificial selection as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection.

As a graduate student, he confirmed that this talent also existed in a population of foxes that, through artificial selection over generations, had been domesticated by Russian scientist Dmitry Belyaev.

We performed artificial selection on the allometry between forewing area and body size in a butterfly to test for developmental constraints, and then used the resultant increased range of phenotypic variation to quantify natural selection on the scaling relationship.

We have also studied developmental constraints in dogs, i.e. the negative consequences (pleiotropic effects) associated with extreme artificial selection for size in dogs (Collaboration with Marc Nussbaumer of the Natural History Museum, Berne, Switzerland).

These strains were subjected to artificial selection processes to identify those that had desirable traits, such as the ability to survive exposure to reagents used in the biofuel production process.

Oh ok not sure what is stupid about talking about artificial selection in an evolution debate, but ill leave you to it, with retorts like «oh sweetie» your going to win this thing.

Its called artificial selection.

Domesticating dogs from gray wolves more than 15,000 years ago involved artificial selection and inbreeding, but the effects of these processes on dog genomes have been little - studied.

Since then, under the combined effects of natural selection and human - driven artificial selection, pigs evolved phenotypic diversity in appearance, fertility, growth, palatability, and local fitness.

Eventually, humans practiced artificial selection, breedings dogs for behavioral traits on top of physical characteristics.

Ever since my early exposure to the power of artificial selection in agriculture while working on a vegetable farm in Vermont, I have been curious about the connection between phenotypic and genotypic variation.

Chickens were domesticated (evolved through artificial selection) about 6 thousand years ago in Asia.

For most of history, artificial selection on large herbivores was probably weak, Marshall said.

In these intricate prints of mutant bees, Rozic conveys society's harmful effects on honeybees via artificial selection, genetic engineering and environmental modification.

New work published today in the journal Ecology Letters, used artificial selection and mating crosses among selection lines to determine if and how mating behaviors co-evolve with parental care behaviors.

For example, artificial selection for increasingly large heads in bulldogs means that many bulldog puppies must now be born by Caesarean section.

«Natural selection is different from artificial selection in that it acts on every trait at once,» Stringer says.

Therefore, Darwin believed that the evolution of morality would require the extermination of «less fit» races and individuals» a process that could be helped along by artificial selection, or eugenics.

By standard procedures of artificial selection we have produced farm animals that are vastly different from their wild progenitors.

@Vic — Science has repeated evolution, e.g. SELEX / RNA aptamers, speciation in labs, Lenski's E. coli experiments, artificial selection in domesticated organisms, etc, etc..

«An understanding of these natural adaptations can facilitate genetic engineering and artificial selection.

Belyaev's idea was that ancient humans picked wolves and other animals for docility and that this artificial selection jump - started an evolutionary path toward domestication.

Another confounding factor in earlier studies: Researchers sampled DNA from modern purebred dogs, which are the result of generations of artificial selection and hybridization by breeders, skewing the genetic timeline of when wolves and dogs parted ways.

Paradoxically, environmental selection may, in many instances, have been stronger than artificial selection.

«Clearly what is going on in these villages is artificial selection,» Schaal said, «and they are modifying their crops in the same way as their ancestors did over many centuries.»

Writing in Nature Communications, UW - Madison Professor of Agronomy Natalia de Leon, her student Joe Gage and colleagues at several institutions report that artificial selection by crop breeders has constricted the pool of possibilities for North American corn varieties.

«All these breed differences reflect an experiment on artificial selection,» says Careau.

«At least in the short term, there seemed to be no limit to how much we could change the body - to - wing ratio through artificial selection, but natural selection immediately selected for the proportional form,» said Frankino.

After only 13 generations of artificial selection, the team had two distinctly different groups of butterflies: ones with small wings and a beefy body; and ones with large wings and petite body.

Writing Nov. 7 in Nature Communications, UW — Madison Professor of Agronomy Natalia de Leon, her student Joe Gage and colleagues at several institutions report that artificial selection by crop breeders has constricted the pool of possibilities for North American corn varieties.

«The classification of Cannabis populations is confounded by many cultural factors, and tracing the history of a plant that has seen wide geographic dispersal and artificial selection by humans over thousands of years has proven difficult,» the authors wrote.

Genomic analysis of other village dog and gray wolf populations and additional phenotyping will no doubt further enrich our understanding of the process of domestication and artificial selection in dogs.

This substantial input of variation from wild ancestors has provided the raw material for phenotypic change, but unique development and genetic mechanisms may also have assisted the course of artificial selection.

If you try to picture a pack of Chihuahuas bringing down and savaging an elk, the impact of thousands of years of artificial selection is obvious.

I will answer the questions about these wild dogs which have never been subjected to artificial selection.

When dogs reproduce without such human intervention, their offspring's characteristics are determined by natural selection, while «dog breeding» refers specifically to the artificial selection of dogs, in which dogs are intentionally bred by their owners.

[31] A mixed - breed, mutt or mongrel is a dog that is not the result of artificial selection.