While labor and delivery are more difficult and take more time, there is also a heightened risk for medical interventions such
as Caesarean sections.
Reproductive complications, such
as a Caesarean section, are usually referred to the emergency hospital at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University in Grafton, MA.
Not exact matches
planning birth in an obstetric unit is associated with a higher rate of interventions, such
as instrumental vaginal birth,
caesarean section and episiotomy, compared with planning birth in other settings
There was a low rate of
caesarean section, postpartum haemorrhage and third degree perinatal tears
as well
as low rates of stillbirth and early neonatal death in this sample of women and babies.
Medical conditions: women who suffer from serious underlying health conditions, including heart disease or diabetes will usually be advised to have a
caesarean section,
as natural birth may pose serious risks to their health.
Position of the baby: if the baby is in an awkward position, such
as the breech position, a
caesarean section may be recommended.
Some women choose to have absolutely no medical involvement in their labour, meaning they have no pain relief, no medication and no foetal monitoring; this is a personal choice and will be supported by the medical team,
as long
as nothing happens which could threaten the life of the mother or baby; if an emergency situation arises, the doctor may recommend taking medication or having a
caesarean section.
The Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands, which did not follow the trend towards steep increases in
caesarean sections during the 1990s, 9 have a tradition of perceiving birth above all
as a normal physiological process and of valuing low intervention rates.
Those who had no known complications, such
as a baby in breech or one with a congenital abnormality, or a previous
Caesarean section.
As a last resort, a
caesarean section may be required.
Normal birth: defined by the Maternity Care Working Party14
as birth without any of: induction of labour; epidural or spinal analgesia; general anaesthetic; episiotomy; forceps, ventouse, or
caesarean section
Adverse maternal morbidity: defined
as at least one of: general anaesthetic; instrumental birth;
caesarean section; third or fourth degree perineal trauma; blood transfusion; admission to an intensive treatment unit, high dependency unit, or specialist unit; or maternal death (within 42 days after giving birth)
The problem I see is that direct entry midwives in the United States will often attend home births that do not fit these criteria; while insisting that home birth is at least
as safe
as hospital birth, many will attend twin births, breech births, births after 41 weeks, births of women who have pre-existing or pregnancy - induced disease, births after two or more previous
caesarean sections, and births of women whose labor has been jump - started rather than begun spontaneously (whether by herbs, prolonged nipple stimulation, the breaking of her water, or illicit use of medications).
Insufficient weight gain can compromise the health of the fetus and cause preterm, or premature birth; excessive weight gain can cause labor complications, giving birth to significantly larger than average fetuses, postpartum weight retention,
as well
as increase the risk of requiring a
caesarean section.
Not having a blended payment method also has been perceived
as an economic incentive to recommend
caesarean sections, because they are easier to schedule than vaginal deliveries and generate additional income.
Low - risk women in the study were those who had no known complications — such
as a baby in breech or one with a congenital abnormality, or a previous
caesarean section.
Thousands of women who underwent home births using midwives had lower rates of medical interventions such
as epidural pain relief, forceps delivery and
Caesarean section than similar women who give birth in hospitals.
And a premature baby comes with its own set of risk factors,
as does having a
Caesarean section, which women with malformations typically opt for in lieu of a more complicated vaginal birth.
Women who had given birth by elective
caesarean section were excluded from the study
as they had not experienced labour.
Future research should focus on possible explanations for the significantly higher risk of PPH among those planning a hospital birth, and address the possibility that procedures such
as augmentation, emergency
Caesarean section and episiotomy are over-used in the hospital setting.
Despite the dependence on pain relief and a reluctance to rely on their own coping mechanisms most women appeared to construe labour
as «normal» unless they gave birth by
caesarean section.
If you had a
caesarean section, sometimes referred to
as C -
section, your stay in the hospital should average about three days after the surgery.
As intrapartum death and delivery related neonatal death are very uncommon after an elective
caesarean delivery in the event of a term fetus without congenital anomalies, we excluded elective
caesarean sections from the denominator for intrapartum and delivery related neonatal death.
It's
as normal and ordinary
as sex and pregnancy; like masturbation and
caesarean section, artificial feeding has its place, but is inherently inferior and should only be used when the natural alternative is not available.
As Dr. Robert Liston, a lead author of the most recent study cited above, has said, «Look,
caesarean section is not just like falling off a log.
As the WHO study's authors interpret, «To improve maternal and perinatal outcomes,
caesarean section should be done only when there is a medical indication.
They acknowledge that electronic fetal monitoring increases the rate of instrumental delivery (such
as use of forceps) and
caesarean section, but argue that increased intervention «may not be entirely undesirable, given that appropriately timed intervention is likely to avoid neonatal hypoxia, seizures, and perinatal death.»
A
caesarean section was performed in accordance with normal clinical routines so
as not to risk the health of the mother and child.
The chicken phthalates have also been associated with increased odds of
Caesarean section, diminished child intelligence (particularly in boys), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, later in life, abdominal obesity, altered thyroid function, damaged sperm, and,
as we learned this summer, a lower sperm count.
It is worth mentioning that, over 80 % of bulldog litters are delivered via
Caesarean section as their large heads can get stuck in the birth canal.
There are also circumstances when a horse requires care at a hospital, such
as for a colic surgery or a
Caesarean section.
While it is true that some breeds are structurally relegated to C -
sections, our research has shown that
caesareans may be bloodline related rather than due to breed anomalies such
as head size.
Severe conformational changes have necessitated a high rate of artificial insemination and
Caesarean sections and litter sizes tend to be small.5, 9 The breed ranks second in congenital disease and associated puppy mortality [5], due mainly to birth defects such
as flat chests with splayed legs; anasarca (water babies) and cleft palate [6].10, 11 Although some English bulldogs enjoy reasonable health, their longevity is definitely affected by the degree of conformational change and inbreeding, which is reflected by lifespan estimates ranging from 3.2 to 11.3 years with a median of 8.4 years [7].
The Kennel Club will refuse to register any further puppies born to a bitch that has previously had two
caesarean sections,
as this could indicate an underlying health problem that means they should not be having more puppies.
Anita Jewitt Qualified: 2008 Made partner: 2015 Key cases: Recovered # 8.5 m for a child with quadriplegic cerebral palsy following the hospital's delay in expediting his delivery; recovered # 7.4 m for a child who sustained bilateral upper and lower limb amputations
as a result of the delayed diagnosis of meningococcal septicaemia; recovered # 6m for a child who suffered from cerebral palsy
as a result of the hospital's failure to carry out an earlier
caesarean section.
David Weber was thrust into the national spotlight for deciding to ignore police warnings to slow down
as he drove his pregnant wife at top speed to hospital for an emergency
caesarean section last March.
In some scenarios, doctors may decide to perform a
Caesarean section, otherwise known
as a C -
section.
Such
as birth control, hormone replacement therapy,
caesarean section and operations related to conception or fertility
Pregnancy, miscarriage (except
as a result of an Accident or Illness), maternity or birth (including
caesarean section) except in the case of ectopic pregnancy.
PTB can occur for a variety of reasons, which may be broadly classified
as either medically indicated (induction of labour or planned
caesarean section) or spontaneous (spontaneous onset, or premature rupture of membranes).
Pelvic dimensions and shapes vary
as well among ethnic groups.28 A small pelvis was more prevalent in women with short stature.29 If maternal short stature leads to shortened gestation by increasing the risk of idiopathic preterm labour, then short women had more risk of PTB.30 Short maternal stature was associated with lower uterine volume and blood flow, increasing the risk for fetal grow restriction, cephalopelvic disproportion and
caesarean section.29 The effect of ethnicity on gestational length was also reported in a study in the UK.31 Maternal short stature may be associated with a lack of nutrients.