One of the weirdest implications of Einstein's general relativity theory is that
as a black hole spins, it pulls space - time along.
Not exact matches
The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory's detection of spacetime ripples from two merging
black holes on December 26, 2015, indicated that one
black hole was
spinning like a tilted top
as it orbited with its companion (SN: 7/9/16, p. 8).
The accuracy of this assertion might become clearer in a few years,
as various groups are running computer simulations to calculate the self - force of particles orbiting
spinning black holes, says Barausse.
Likewise, if
black holes act like information mirrors,
as Hayden and Preskill suggested, a particle falling into a
black hole would be followed by an antiparticle coming out — a partner with the opposite electric charge — which would carry the information contained in the
spin of the original particle.
Until then, scientists regarded
black holes as simple objects — quite literally
holes in space, completely described by just three variables: their mass,
spin and charge.
But that scenario should lead to
black holes that
spin in the same plane
as their orbit.
Like bald pates,
black holes of similar masses and
spins then have no details — no «hair» — to distinguish them,
as American theorist John Archibald Wheeler quipped.
But here is the real brainteaser: If the particle enters in the same direction
as the
black hole's
spin, it joins an «outgoing beam» that has negative energy and moves backward in time.
In their latest finds, physicists with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory spotted the merger of
black holes spinning in different orientations,
as shown in this artist's conception.
«If the
black holes were not
spinning in the same direction
as the orbit, that would probably be a pretty good indicator of the dynamical formation channel,» Rodriguez says.
If the
black holes started out
as paired stars, then they should
spin in the same direction
as their orbital axis.
The early 1970s were the «heroic age» of relativity research — theorists had proved that if Einstein was right,
black holes weren't infinitely diverse but standardised objects, characterised just
as surely
as any elementary particle by mass and
spin.
The concept is a variant of the Penrose process, first identified in 1969 by British astrophysicist Sir Roger Penrose
as a mechanism for extracting energy from a
spinning black hole.
Even if the star was rotating very slowly before it collapsed into a
black hole, the collapsing material that ultimately forms the nascent
hole must
spin ever faster for the same reason whirling figure skaters accelerate
as they pull in their arms.
Each time a merger occurred, material from the new galaxy got incorporated into the accretion disk around the
black hole,
spinning in the same direction
as the
black hole and eventually contributing to its growth.
As well as producing Oscar - nominated visual effects for the movie, Thorne and the effects team also unearthed some unexpected physics, such as that an observer close to a rapidly spinning black hole would see more than a dozen images of individual stars just outside one edge of the black hole's «shadow.&raqu
As well
as producing Oscar - nominated visual effects for the movie, Thorne and the effects team also unearthed some unexpected physics, such as that an observer close to a rapidly spinning black hole would see more than a dozen images of individual stars just outside one edge of the black hole's «shadow.&raqu
as producing Oscar - nominated visual effects for the movie, Thorne and the effects team also unearthed some unexpected physics, such
as that an observer close to a rapidly spinning black hole would see more than a dozen images of individual stars just outside one edge of the black hole's «shadow.&raqu
as that an observer close to a rapidly
spinning black hole would see more than a dozen images of individual stars just outside one edge of the
black hole's «shadow.»
There maybe millions of such
black holes floating around our own galaxy, eachfive or 10 times
as massive
as our sun and roughly 50 miles around, each
spinning more or less furiously — once a millisecond or so would bepossible.
After all, it would require Alice to almost instantly measure the
spin of a
black hole as massive
as the sun to within a single atom's
spin.
It comes from the
spinning space - time around the
black hole and in fact it is not very well known, but that energy is there for the taking — up to 29 percent of the so - called rest mass energy of a
spinning black hole is extractable — an d original conjecture, which is not,
as I say [said], yet established fact, but certainly taken much more seriously than it was at that time — 10 or 15 percent of the rest mass energy of the
black hole, about half of the
spin energy, is in practice according to our conjecture, is in fact, the power source for these relativistically moving jets.
And if a
black hole rotates,
as would be the case for a
hole that forms from the collapse of a
spinning star, it drags spacetime along with it, a phenomenon known
as frame dragging.
This rapidly
spinning inner ring is clumpy and has streamers of matter jutting out of it toward the
black hole,
as if it is being devoured strand by strand.
«
As matter falls into a
black hole, it starts to
spin and the rapid rotation pushes some fraction of the matter out,» Kaaret says.
Now, technically the earlier event, GW150914, also observed a Kerr
black hole,
as the final
black hole after coalescence had
spin (by conservation of angular momentum, since it was created from a pair of mutually - orbiting
black holes).
This hybrid blazar idea implies that the luminosity of BL Lacs should decrease
as their core
black holes continue to lose energy and
spin.
As matter is pulled toward a rotating
black hole, it reaches an area where all must
spin in roughly the same direction.
As pairs of
black holes spiral together, heading towards a collision, they also
spin on their own axes - like a pair of figure skaters
spinning individually while also circling around each other.
It's tough to describe
black -
hole spin rates because they don't really translate into familiar terms, such
as miles per hour.
«In our analysis, we can not measure the
spins of the individual
black holes very well, but we can tell if the
black holes are generally
spinning in the same direction
as the orbital motion,» says astrophysicist Laura Cadonati, LIGO Scientific Collaboration deputy spokesperson from Georgia Tech.
Our results indicate that the event was probably caused by a rapidly
spinning supermassive
black hole as it destroyed a low - mass star,» Leloudas said in the statement Monday.
Also, additional wobbles in the signal are predicted
as two
spin - aligned
black holes get close and begin to merge.