They also considered the rate of decomposition of soil carbon
as a function of the temperature at the freeze - thaw boundary, which sinks deeper and deeper as the soil's temperature rises.
Not exact matches
«Most
of the other studies created single - molecule devices that
functioned as single - electron transistors
at four degrees Kelvin, but for any real - world application, these devices need to work
at room
temperature.
This is particularly interesting for users who want to map out an excitation
as a
function of temperature or magnetic field — frequent applications
at FLEXX.
During the study
of a number
of aardvarks by researchers
of the Brain
Function Research Group
at the University
of the Witwatersrand, all but one
of the study animals —
as well
as other aardvarks in the area — died because
of a severe drought, with air
temperatures much higher than normal and very dry soil in the area.
In the familiar heat engine model
at macroscopic scale, referred to
as the Carnot heat engine, the efficiency increases
as a
function of the ratio between the
temperatures of the low - and high -
temperature baths.
«By chemically modifying the nanotube surface to controllably introduce light - emitting defects, we have developed carbon nanotubes
as a single photon source, working toward implementing defect - state quantum emitters operating
at room
temperature and demonstrating their
function in technologically useful wavelengths,» said Stephen Doorn, leader
of the project
at Los Alamos and a member
of the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT).
The results show that the gap around the node
at sufficiently low
temperatures can be well described by a monotonic d - wave gap
function for both samples and the... ▽ More The energy gap
of optimally doped Bi2 (Sr, R) 2CuOy (R = La and Eu) was probed by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) using a vacuum ultraviolet laser (photon energy 6.994 eV) or He I resonance line (21.218 eV)
as photon source.
When we consume a lot
of liquid unsaturated oils, our cell membranes do not have structural integrity to
function properly, they become too «floppy,» and when we consume a lot
of trans fat, which is not
as soft
as saturated fats
at body
temperature, our cell membranes become too «stiff.»
Year 4 Science Assessments Objectives covered: Recognise that living things can be grouped in a variety
of ways Explore and use classification keys to help group, identify and name a variety
of living things in their local and wider environment Recognise that environments can change and that this can sometimes pose dangers to living things Describe the simple
functions of the basic parts
of the digestive system in humans Identify the different types
of teeth in humans and their simple
functions Construct and interpret a variety
of food chains, identifying producers, predators and prey Compare and group materials together, according to whether they are solids, liquids or gases Observe that some materials change state when they are heated or cooled, and measure or research the
temperature at which this happens in degrees Celsius (°C) Identify the part played by evaporation and condensation in the water cycle and associate the rate
of evaporation with
temperature Identify how sounds are made, associating some
of them with something vibrating Recognise that vibrations from sounds travel through a medium to the ear Find patterns between the pitch
of a sound and features
of the object that produced it Find patterns between the volume
of a sound and the strength
of the vibrations that produced it Recognise that sounds get fainter
as the distance from the sound source increases Identify common appliances that run on electricity Construct a simple series electrical circuit, identifying and naming its basic parts, including cells, wires, bulbs, switches and buzzers Identify whether or not a lamp will light in a simple series circuit, based on whether or not the lamp is part
of a complete loop with a battery Recognise that a switch opens and closes a circuit and associate this with whether or not a lamp lights in a simple series circuit Recognise some common conductors and insulators, and associate metals with being good conductors
The development team behind the mild hybrid powertrain selected lead - carbon batteries over lithium - ion equivalents
as they require no active cooling, are more easily recyclable
at the end
of the vehicle's life and can
function much more efficiently in sub-zero
temperatures.
Another thing that I really like and probably most
of you will
as well is the liquid cooling system which isn't only incredibly effective
at keeping all that hardware within
functioning temperatures, but it's also very quiet.
The evolution
of temperature as a
function of latitude and the timing
of CO2 rise are shown below (
at two different time periods in part a, see the caption).
Scattering may also drive the distribution over polarizations toward an equilibrium (which would be,
at any given frequency and direction, constant over polarizations so long
as the real component
of the index
of refraction is independent
of polarization) Interactions wherein photons are scattered by matter with some exchange
of energy will eventually redistribute photons toward a Planck -
function distribution — a blackbody spectrum — characteristic
of some
temperature, and because the exchange involves some other type
of matter, the photon gas
temperature (brightness
temperature) will approach the
temperature of the material it is interacting with -LRB-?
Trends
as a
function of CSD, Saturation: If the
temperature varies monotonically over the distance from which most
of the radiation reaching that level is emitted, then increasing the CSD will bring the upward and downward fluxes and intensities (
at a given angle) toward the same value, reducing the net intensities and fluxes, until eventually they approach zero (or a nonzero saturation value
at TOA).
In a linear approximation (that the blackbody spectral flux
as a
function of local
temperature changes linearly over optical thickness going down from TOA, down to a sufficient optical depth), a doubling
of CO2 will bring the depth
of the valley halfway towards half
of the OLR (the OLR
at 15 microns will decrease by 25 % per doubling — remember this is before the
temperature responds).
Including emission along a path (Schwarzchild's equation), a flux will approach saturation
as the optical thickness becomes large over scales where the
temperature variation is small;
at smaller optical thicknesses, the
temperature distribution may vary and larger
temperature variations make the nonlinearity
of the Planck
function important, but over short distances, the
temperature variation can be approximated
as linear and the associated Planck
function values can be approximated
as linearly proportional to distance for small
temperature changes, so the flux will approach an asymptotic value
as a hyperbolic
function (the difference between the flux and the saturation value
of the flux will be proportional to 1 / optical thickness per unit distance (assuming isotropic optical properties (or even somewhat anisotropic properties), it will have that proportionality for all directions and thus for the whole flux across an area).
First off, an idealised «black body» (which gives
of radiation in a very uniform and predictable way
as a
function of temperature — encapsulated in the Stefan - Boltzmann equation) has a basic sensitivity (
at Earth's radiating
temperature)
of about 0.27 °C / (W / m2).
Unless and until we have reliable models that can accurately predict what the rainfall and
temperature will be
at the local or regional level
as a
function of specific CO2 levels the models are not
of value to policy makers.
In order to really determine if higher levels
of atmospheric CO2 are going to be a net problem for humanity we need to understand the impact on both
temperature and rainfall
at a regional or local level
as a
function of CO2.
There also need to be empirical checks
at every level, real ownership
of predictions, real acknowledgement
of failures like the Hansen 1988 predictions
of temperatures as a
function of policy.
They simply look
at its
temperature as a
function of depth.
Note that some authors have different definitions for the dissipation
function, such
as T with T the local
temperature field, or T0 with T0 the
temperature of the environment or the
temperature the system would acquire if it is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the environment The different usages
of the word» dissipation
function» sometimes causes confusion... yep
at this case nobody have the right or wrong weather previsions good chance
We have plotted most likely peak
temperatures as a
function of four different cumulative emission metrics: year 1750 — 2500 (figure 3a), year 1750 to the time
at which peak warming occurs (figure 3b), year 1750 — 2100 (figure 3c) and year 1750 — 2200 (figure 3d).
The corresponding working quasilinear wave equation for the barotropic azonal stream
function Ψm ′
of the forced waves with m = 6, 7, and 8 (m waves) with nonzero right - hand side (forcing + eddy friction) yields (34) u˜ ∂ ∂ x (∂ 2Ψm ′ ∂ x2 + ∂ 2Ψm ′ ∂ y2) + β˜ ∂ Ψm ′ ∂ x = 2Ω sin ϕ cos2 ϕT˜u˜ ∂ Tm ′ ∂ x − 2Ω sin ϕcos2 ϕHκu˜ ∂ hor, m ∂ x − (kha2 + kzH2)(∂ 2Ψm ′ ∂ x2 + ∂ 2Ψm ′ ∂ y2), [S3] where x = aλ and y = a ln -LSB-(1 + sin ϕ) / cos ϕ] are the coordinates
of the Mercator projection
of Earth's sphere, with λ
as the longitude, H is the characteristic value
of the atmospheric density vertical scale, T˜ is a constant reference
temperature at the EBL, Tm ′ is the m component
of azonal
temperature at this level, u˜ = u ¯ / cos ϕ, κ is the ratio
of the zonally averaged module
of the geostrophic wind
at the top
of the PBL to that
at the EBL (53), hor, m is the m component
of the large - scale orography height, and kh and kz are the horizontal and vertical eddy diffusion coefficients.
Even though I can't imagine gravity
functioning as a Maxwell Demon, even though Caballero in section 2.17 both states and leaves
as a student exercise the proof that the thermodynamic equilibrium state
of a vertical column
of gas is isothermal, there has been a lot
of confusion and strange assertions about a gas arriving
at a state because
of bulk transport that sorts out
temperature differences approximately adiabatically (neglecting conduction), but that is somehow thermodynamically stable without transport and with conduction in the end.
Although, they are
at temperatures of roughly 4,000 — 4,500 K, the contrast with the surrounding material
at about 5,800 K leaves them clearly visible
as dark spots,
as the intensity
of a heated black body (closely approximated by the photosphere) is a
function of T (
temperature) to the fourth power.
The
temperature at a given location is defined
as a
function of a deterministic process and a random process and an error.
Just
as the derivative f» (x) and second derivative f» (x) < / i) can tell you what's happening with the principal
function f (x) so too we can learn from plots
of the gradient
of the
temperature and the trend
of that gradient
as shown in the yellow line in the plot
at the foot
of my Home page
at http://climate-change-theory.com
«in an isotropic non GHG world, the net would be zero,
as the mean conduction flux would equalize, but in our earth it is still nearly zero» if the atmosphere were isothermal
at the same
temperature as the surface then exactly the downwelling radiation absorbed by the surface would be equal to the radiation
of th surface absorbed by the air (or rather by its trace gases) and both numbers would be (1 - 2E3 (t (nu)-RRB--RRB- pi B (nu, T) where t (nu) is the optical thickness, B the Planck
function, nu the optical frequency and T the
temperature;
as the flow from the air absorbed by the surface is equal to the flow from the surface absorbed by the air, the radiative heat transfer is zero between surface and air.
Figure 15 - A has shown the global pacing by the El Niños (and their tele - connections)
of the
temperature changes
of the lower troposphere
as function of both time and latitude; this pacing may be due to the coming to the surface,
at high latitudes,
of warm water from the Pacific warm pool,
as they move to higher latitudes on the western rim
of the oceans after an El Niño.
Basically, TCR depends on how the
temperature responds to the strength
of feedbacks (a determinant
of climate sensitivity) and the rate
at which this occurs
as a
function of ocean heat uptake.
Note that Alley said
at the outset
of that 2009 AGU presentation on how CO2
functions as the thermostat part
of the globe's
temperature control system ``..
Figure 2 «(b) ENSO - adjusted global mean
temperature changes to 2008
as a
function of starting year for HadCRUt3, GiSS dataset (Hansen et al. 2001) and the NCDC dataset» (Smith et al. 2008)-- but really nothing to do with any other type
of variation
at all.
Lab Technician II — TRL Plasma Laboratories — January 2013 — Present • Monitor the heat sealing and aseptic sampling
of plasma units; place units
of plasma into freezer in timely manner in order to ensure quality
of product • Label plasma samples and units properly and store according to policy; manage an average
of 50 different plasma units on a regular basis • Evaluate refrigerator and freezer
temperatures ad inform supervisor if equipment is malfunctioning • Maintain efficient and clean work environment and ensure inventory is stocked properly; answer phones and answer questions or transfer calls to appropriate departmentLab Technician I — ABC Medical Technologies, Inc. — May 2007 — January 2013 • Operated laboratory equipment, such
as cell counters and microscopes, to analyze urine, blood, and tissue samples; recorded both normal and abnormal findings; had less than a.1 percent margin
of error in sample findings • Used computerized instruments and automated equipment to perform multiple tests
at one time; maintained calibration and proper
function of equipment on a regular basis • Entered data from tests into physician reports; discussed abnormal results with supervisor and re-ran tests before logging data into patient's medical record
It went something like this: hotel check - in, locate room, locate wifi service, attempt connection to wifi, wonder why the connection is taking so long, try again, locate phone, call front desk, get told «the internet is broken for a while», decide to hot - spot the mobile phone because some emails really needed to be sent, go «la la la» about the roaming costs, locate iron, wonder why iron
temperature dial just spins around and around, swear
as iron spews water instead
of steam, find reading glasses, curse middle - aged need for reading glasses, realise iron
temperature dial is indecipherably in Chinese, decide ironing front
of shirt is good enough when wearing jacket, order room service lunch, start shower, realise can't read impossible small toiletry bottle labels, damply retrieve glasses from near iron and successfully avoid shampooing hair with body lotion, change (into slightly damp shirt), retrieve glasses from shower, start teleconference, eat lunch, remember to mute phone, meet colleague in lobby
at 1 pm, continue teleconference, get in taxi, endure 75 stop - start minutes to a inconveniently located client, watch unread emails climb over 150, continue to ignore roaming costs, regret tuna panini lunch choice
as taxi warmth, stop - start juddering, jet - lag, guilt about unread emails and traffic fumes combine in a very unpleasant way, stumble out
of over-warm taxi and almost catch hypothermia while trying to locate a very small client office in a very large anonymous business park, almost hug client with relief when they appear to escort us the last 50 metres, surprisingly have very positive client meeting (i.e. didn't throw up in the meeting), almost catch hypothermia again waiting for taxi which despite having two
functioning GPS devices can't locate us on a main road, understand why
as within 30 seconds we are almost rendered unconscious by the in - car exhaust fumes, discover that the taxi ride back to the CBD is even slower and more juddering
at peak hour (and no, that was not a carbon monoxide induced hallucination), rescheduled the second client from 5 pm to 5.30, to 6 pm and finally 6.30 pm, killed time by drafting this guest blog (possibly carbon monoxide induced), watch unread emails climb higher, exit taxi and inhale relatively fresher air from kamikaze motor scooters, enter office and grumpily work with client until 9 pm, decline client's gracious offer
of expensive dinner, noting it is already midnight my time, observe client fail to correctly set office alarm and endure high decibel «warning, warning» sounds that are clearly designed to send security rushing... soon... any second now... develop new form
of nausea and headache from piercing, screeching, sounds - like - a-wailing-baby-please-please-make-it-stop-alarm, note the client is relishing the extra (free) time with us and is still talking about work, admire the client's ability to focus under extreme aural pressure, decide the client may be a little too work focussed, realise that I probably am too given I have just finished work
at 9 pm... but then remember the 200 unread emails in my inbox and decide I can resolve that incongruency later (in a quieter space), become sure that there are only two possibilities — there are no security staff or they are deaf — while my colleague frantically tries to call someone who knows what to do, conclude after three calls that no - one does, and then finally someone finally does and... it stops.