[63] Despite opinion polls indicating a strong Labour lead, opinion polls were then viewed
as a novelty which had not proven their worth, and most commentators expected that Churchill's prestige and status as a «war hero» would ensure a comfortable Conservative victory.
Not exact matches
«By further reflecting that the clearest evidence would be requisite to make any sane man believe in the miracles by
which Christianity is supported, — that the more we know of the fixed laws of nature the more incredible, do miracles become, — that the men at that time were ignorant and credulous to a degree almost incomprehensible by us, — that the Gospels can not be proved to have been written simultaneously with the events, — that they differ in many important details, far too important
as it seemed to me to be admitted
as the usual inaccuracies of eyewitness; — by such reflections
as these,
which I give not
as having the least
novelty or value, but
as they influenced me, I gradually came to disbelieve in Christianity
as a divine revelation.
The degree to
which an actuality departs from a prior entity is determined by a number of factors, the flux of occurrent sensation, the baseline activity at each phase
as it is activated, the decay of prior states and the emergent
novelty inherent in the becoming process.
To pick out just three: that
which Deleuze theorizes
as «the virtual» bears a certain similarity to Whiteheadian pure potentiality; likewise, the elements of the virtual, namely, what Deleuze calls «Ideas,» play a role comparable to that attributed to eternal objects; finally, the factor in the Deleuzean system
which corresponds most closely to Whitehead's notion of creativity — that ultimate principle by
which the production of
novelty is to be thought — goes, for Deleuze, under the name of «productive difference,» or «Difference in itself?»
Necessarily unintelligible insofar
as the very conditions for the production of
novelty (viz. disjunctive syntheses of incompossibles) entail that intensive (potential) differences will always already be cancelled within the novel extensities and qualities in
which they are actualized --(through the conjunctive syntheses of compossibles; in Whitehead's terms: through a demand for «balanced complexity» — the integration of incompatibilities into realizable contrasts, cf. PR 278).
But if,
as Deleuze insists, that factor he calls «difference in itself» creates the requisite conditions for
novelty, then the disjunction involved will be a genuinely affirmative synthesis within
which «divergence is no longer a principle of exclusion, and disjunction no longer a means of separation.
And,
as we have seen, the notion of God arises in «the question whether the process of the temporal world passes into other actualities, bound together in an order in
which novelty does not mean loss.
In the liturgy
as well
as in other departments of the Church's life there are regrettable excrescences and an arbitrary desire for
novelties which must be repressed courageously and charitably.
Rather, it is a variation of these along with the demonry of personality itself, of man's moral and rational capacities in tension with the sensitivities of spirit
as a higher dimension of freedom and goodness
which grasp him
as a
novelty of grace within his human structure, judging him, yet summoning him to that
which is beyond his own human order of good.
If there be any divine warrant for a church (in this day), there is a divine warrant for a Creed,
as a test of union, a bond of fellowship, a fence against error, and a shield against that spirit of restless inspiration,
which esteems every
novelty an improvement....
With regard to (b): Felt argues that any proposed justification of induction
which did not employ a theory of causal efficacy or internal relations would fail because it could not take account of the fact that the future involves genuine
novelty and hence can not be presently defined
as something already given.
In Process and Reality Alfred North Whitehead dealt extensively with God
as an indispensable part of his metaphysical system,
as that without
which there would be no order or
novelty and, hence, no world.
As Rorty has put it more recently, «whatever good the ideas of «objectivity» and transcendence» have done for our culture can be attained equally well by the idea of a community
which strives after both intersubjective agreement and
novelty — a democratic, progressive, pluralist community of the sort of
which Dewey dreamt» (ORT 13).
Furthermore, by its
novelty miracle impels a recognition of order, not in the sense of a regular occurrence, but
as a given structure or condition
which is this rather than that.
The philosophy of organism culminates in a new metaphysical theology.12 In Whitehead's view, «The most general formulation of the religious problem is the question whether the process of the temporal world passes into the formation of other actualities, bound together in an order in
which novelty does not mean loss» (Process and Reality, An Essay in Cosmology 517)--
as it does in the temporal world.
The problem is not the need to explain continuity
as explained by determinism, but the need to explain originality
which in turn leads to the concept of God
as the source of»... the initial aim from
which self - causation starts» and evolves into people who are self - creating entities, actively participating in their own creation, capable of creating
novelty and assuming responsibility.
Rather, time is produced by the atomic, episodic actualities
which together constitute and engender the universe,
as it advances into
novelty (PR 21 / 31, 65f.
Morgenthau: «The great overriding issue that we must face in our government and that other governments must face
as well lies in the discrepancy between our conventional modes of thought and action on the one hand and the unprecedented
novelty of the objective conditions under
which we live.
His analogy is functionalist: physical inheritance in prehension functions like the general populace
which predominates in a tradition - rooted society; the
novelty of the conceptual pole of a prehension plays the same role
as the originative activities of the «fortunate classes», the middle class entrepreneurs, who predominate in modern society.
But unlike man's experiences
which when experienced perish, God's unified feeling is always immediate, never perishing, even
as it is always moving forward in a creative advance into
novelty.
Habitual patterns of response, such
as getting dressed, riding a bicycle, using a typewriter, so painfully and self - consciously learned at the time, become quite unconscious.37 A centralized nervous system or its close analogue may be the necessary basis for consciousness, but consciousness itself is the inner concomitant of the presence of some
novelty which has not yet faded into the background through incessant repetition.
As we then said, such moments have their «importance» in that they illuminate what has gone before, are in themselves a kind of concentration of what is actually present, and provide new opportunities and possibilities both for understanding (which is the «subjective» side) and for that emergence of novelty in concrete experience (which guarantees «objectivity») which is the occasion for further creative advance as the process continues on its wa
As we then said, such moments have their «importance» in that they illuminate what has gone before, are in themselves a kind of concentration of what is actually present, and provide new opportunities and possibilities both for understanding (
which is the «subjective» side) and for that emergence of
novelty in concrete experience (
which guarantees «objectivity»)
which is the occasion for further creative advance
as the process continues on its wa
as the process continues on its way.
The enhancement of the divine life in its consequent aspect has opened up new possibilities of relationship with the creation and has also provided new material through
which God may act upon creative potentiality, thus bringing to pass that emergence of
novelty which is so genuine an element in our experience and (
as our observation informs us) of the world at large.
But the greatest significance of Jesus
as a teacher does not lie in the
novelty of his ideas or even in the new ways in
which he felt and expressed old ideas.
In contrast to the aesthetic order implicit in Kukai's view of nature and contemporary science and process thought, the «logical order» of mainline Christianity characterized by Ames assumes: (1) preassigned patterns of relatedness, a blueprint» wherein unity is prior to plurality, and plurality is a «fall» from unity; (2) values concrete particularity only to the degree it mirrors this preassigned pattern of relatedness; (3) reduces particulars to only those aspects needed to illustrate the given pattern,
which necessarily entails moving away from concrete particulars toward the universal; (4) interprets nature
as a closed system of predetermined specifications, and therefore reducible to quantitative description; (5) characterizes being
as necessity, creativity
as conformity, and
novelty as defect; and (6) views «rightness»
as the degree of conformity to preassigned patterns (NAT 116).
According to Roger Ames (NAT 117), an «aesthetic order» is a paradigm that: (1) proposes plurality
as prior to unity and disjunction to conjunction, so that all particulars possess real and unique individuality; (2) focuses on the unique perspective of concrete particulars
as the source of emergent harmony and unity in all interrelationships; (3) entails movement away from any universal characteristic to concrete particular detail; (4) apprehends movement and change in the natural order
as a processive act of «disclosure» — and hence describable in qualitative language; (5) perceives that nothing is predetermined by preassigned principles, so that creativity is apprehended in the natural order, in contrast to being determined by God or chance; and (6) understands «rightness» to mean the degree to
which a thing or event expresses, in its emergence toward
novelty as this exists in tension with the unity of nature, an aesthetically pleasing order.
There is in fact nothing more to be said about the
novelty of these uniquely occurring occasions than that each occasion is novel, that it happens only once and is unrepeatable in relation to all other occasions to
which,
as such, it can stand in a real relation of connectedness.
One stroke after the other is enjoyed in a present durée
which remembers and anticipates even
as it makes its creative contribution; and the
novelty of each sound is differentiated and appreciated in a present.
Novelty, freedom, spontaneity are secondary vis - à - vis ongoingness: there has to be novel concrescence in order for there to be freedom, spontaneity or novelty What has to be explained is becoming, which for Whitehead means: «the creative advance of nature» (as he puts it in the earlier works), or «the creative advance into novelty» (as he puts it lat
Novelty, freedom, spontaneity are secondary vis - à - vis ongoingness: there has to be novel concrescence in order for there to be freedom, spontaneity or
novelty What has to be explained is becoming, which for Whitehead means: «the creative advance of nature» (as he puts it in the earlier works), or «the creative advance into novelty» (as he puts it lat
novelty What has to be explained is becoming,
which for Whitehead means: «the creative advance of nature» (
as he puts it in the earlier works), or «the creative advance into
novelty» (as he puts it lat
novelty» (
as he puts it later on).
For the principle of order to
which we have alluded is also understood here
as the ultimate source of
novelty.
They are the avenues by
which the principle of order and
novelty lays hold of our consciousness so
as to move it toward a deeper and more explicit sensitivity to value.
Instead
novelty contributes to the «eternal vision» of beauty, the experience of
which Whitehead refers to
as Peace.
As a result of developments in modern science we are much more aware than our theological predecessors were of the extent to
which novelty continually pours into the world process.
And so by special condensations within particular segments of reality the beauty
which is reality
as a whole comes to expression in particular orderings of
novelty that fall within the range of our secondary awareness.
They do not see it
as a fixed entity, already made and finished; for them the creation is a directed movement in
which novelty occurs, in
which the unexpected may and indeed often does happen, and in
which great ends are in process of achievement.
The thinkers who adopted this view believed that because
novelty is real and inescapable the natural order should be characterized
as basically a continuity in
which,
as we have just seen, genuinely new things emerge.
For Whitehead, the answers to both questions,
which I shall consider in turn, are framed in terms of the Psychological Physiology, the main «elements» of
which consist of a nonsocial nexus of occasions in the brain (
which functions
as the body's principal source of creative
novelty), the regnant society it supports, and their interactions with other bodily societies and nexuses (WPP 404 - 06).
Perhaps the accent is not so much on creativity being a sufficient condition for
novelty, such that every instance of creativity must be novel,
as that it is a necessary condition for
novelty: There can not be any
novelty without the actualization of initial aim in free responsiveness
which requires subjectivity
as the present instantiation of creativity.
We habitually muddle together this creative advance,
which we experience and know
as the perpetual transition of nature into
novelty, with the single time - series
which we naturally employ for measurement.
In modern societies Instinct has given way somewhat to Intellect,
which is represented by the middle class, and
novelty is no longer viewed
as sheer destructive chaos, but
as the basis for possible contractual modifications of communal custom.
This is yet another instance of that lazy approach
which understands the Second Vatican Council
as an absolute
novelty, an approach described by Benedict XVI
as «a hermeneutic of discontinuity».
For society to advance it must be structured so
as to provide a suitable environment for the emergence of
novelty which must then be coordinated with the background that gave rise to it.
The result of the doing may emerge
as a surprising
novelty to the agent — the emergent future may be startlingly novel because the context of present actualization, for unforeseeable reasons, either was devoid of those hindrances
which had thwarted or restricted the agent's earlier efforts, or was replete with heretofore unencountered obstacles.
And
as everyone knows, the
novelty affect
which comes with the Premier League for newly promoted sides doesn't tend to last long and so some form and stability is required from Blackpool in quick time if they're to remain competitive in a league where so many newbies have thrived in the opening quarter of the season, with the excitement of the Premier League still fresh in the system, before being hit with a hard reality check and with a fall from grace down the table.
I don't forbid my children from eating anything, but I want them to understand that the former category is a delicious part of life, to be indulged with gusto (though not
as the mainstay of your daily diet), while the latter category consists of curious
novelties that can be sampled now and then, but
which ought to be generally avoided.
McMillan came to national attention
as a political
novelty for his performance in a 2010 gubernatorial debate,
which was subsequently lampooned on Saturday Night Live.
He noted the 2010 debate —
which included Jimmy McMillan of the Rent Is 2 Damn High Party
as well
as Kristin Davis, the so - called Manhattan madam, running for governor — featured «
novelty» candidates.
He's also endorsing an exploitative voyeurism
which began
as a more harmless
novelty.
«The
novelty in 2012 was that the frequency with
which people gambled
as well
as the number of games and quantity of money they gambled decreased,» the report reveals.
«There were some that actually killed the dormant bacteria better than the replicating bacteria,
which is a
novelty,» he said, «
as existing drugs are better at killing replicating bacteria.»