Sentences with phrase «as a significant factor when»

Not exact matches

To date, results from several longitudinal studies indicate that e-cigarette use among nonsmoking youth increases the likelihood of future use of conventional cigarettes.5 — 10 Specifically, the pooled odds ratio (OR) in a recent meta - analysis of studies of adolescents and young adults (aged 14 — 30) indicates that those who had ever used e-cigarettes were 3.62 times more likely to report using cigarettes at follow - up compared with those who had not used e - cigarettes.11 This finding was robust and remained significant when adjusting for known risk factors associated with cigarette smoking, including demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables such as cigarette susceptibility.

Clifford Nass and I have demonstrated a significant negative relation between government expenditures and rates of Protestant church membership in 1950 and 1980, taking states as the unit of analysis.12 This effect appears to hold when other factors influencing church membership, such as religious composition, urbanization, region, and migration, are held constant.

However, when adjusting for factors such as breastfeeding knowledge, intentions, and social support, the group effect was not significant.

In the court's majority opinion, Kagan described the two - part analysis utilized by the high court when plaintiffs allege racial gerrymandering as follows: «First, the plaintiff must prove that «race was the predominant factor motivating the legislature's decision to place a significant number of voters within or without a particular district.»

These results remained significant even when other factors affecting health were taken into account, such as socio - economic status, education, weight, existing disease and level of physical function.

However, when the scientists accounted for other factors known to influence concentrations — such as a mother» s age and how much fish she ate — the association was significant for only two chemicals: a byproduct of the insecticide lindane called beta - HCH and a DDT metabolite.

«These differences remained statistically significant and robust even when we controlled for multiple known risk factors for initiating cigarette smoking, such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, parental smoking and friend smoking,» Dr. Primack said.

These modifications influence when and where particular genes are expressed and appear to have significant impacts on disease risk, suggesting explanations for how environmental factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy can influence a child's risk of later health problems.

When the researchers accounted for other risk factors for Alzheimer's, such as risk genes, diabetes, heart disease, cholesterol levels and weight, this significant association was lost suggesting that these drinks are not the whole story.

Three recent experimental studies focused on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in blood vessel output power and significant increase in blood vessel ageing level and remaining blood volume 25 minutes later, as markers of atherosclerosis.94 In another study, human coronary artery endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation of oxidant stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation of cytochrome p450, considered to have a role in the development of heart disease.95 These effects were not seen when heart cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes) for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects on brain cells.96

However, these apparent risk differences among races almost disappeared (dropping from twice as likely, a significant difference, to no more than one - and - a-half times as likely, an insignificant difference) when researchers used statistical techniques to exclude the two traditional risk factors for heart disease.

As the teenager who insists her given name is Lady Bird - in the sense that she gave it to herself - Ronan is carrying much of the weight of this female - centred drama at a moment when such factors are especially significant.

When we controlled for factors such as school racial composition, grades served, and religiosity, the coefficient on tuition became insignificant in Louisiana, but remained highly significant for the enrollment measure.

To get out from those provisions of No Child Left Behind, Oregon promised the feds in 2012 that by summer 2013, Oregon would have a plan to use student achievement gains as «a significant factor» when evaluating teachers and principals.

Socioeconomic status single largest factor As early as when children enter kindergarten, there are already significant achievement gaps as a result of socioeconomic statuAs early as when children enter kindergarten, there are already significant achievement gaps as a result of socioeconomic statuas when children enter kindergarten, there are already significant achievement gaps as a result of socioeconomic statuas a result of socioeconomic status.

To be sure, a variety of societal and individual factors — such as the income level of a student's family — also affect educational outcomes.30 But when controlling for these factors, teacher quality makes a significant difference for students» test scores and other educational outcomes.

The significant growth can be translated as ominous gloom for small publishers when the raw costs increased but there were risk factors to hamper the overall growth.

When finding dividend stocks, look at these key factors By finding dividend stocks to hold in your portfolio, the income you earn can supply a significant percentage of your total return — as much as a third of your gains.

As this is the most significant cost of borrowing you need to carefully consider this factor when applying for a consolidation loan.

The therapeutic dotential of dietary precursor modulation by a fish - oil - supplemented diet (n - 3 fatty acids), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5,n - 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6,n - 3) in the therapy of ulcerative colitis has been shown to result in a 35 % to 50 % decrease in neutrophil production of LTB4.28 Significant improvement in symptoms and histologic appearance of the rectal mucosa has been observed in several small series of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis given fish oil at 3 to 4 g daily for 2 to 6 months in uncontrolled studies.29 However, a larger, randomized, double - blind trial comprising 96 patients with ulcerative colitis failed to reveal any benefit in remission maintenance or treatment of relapse on 4.5 g of eicosapentaenoic acid daily, despite a significant reduction in LTB4 synthesis by blood peripheral polymorphonuclear cells.30 It should be emphasized, however, that the anti-inflammatory actions of the fish oils, in addition to inhibition of LTB4, include suppression of IL - 1 and platelet activating factor synthesis and scavenging of free oxygen radicals.30 The impact of increased lipid peroxidation after fish oil supplementation should be considered when altering the n - 6: n - 3 fatty acid ratio.31 Antioxidant supplementation may be able to counteract the potentially adverse effects of n - 3 fSignificant improvement in symptoms and histologic appearance of the rectal mucosa has been observed in several small series of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis given fish oil at 3 to 4 g daily for 2 to 6 months in uncontrolled studies.29 However, a larger, randomized, double - blind trial comprising 96 patients with ulcerative colitis failed to reveal any benefit in remission maintenance or treatment of relapse on 4.5 g of eicosapentaenoic acid daily, despite a significant reduction in LTB4 synthesis by blood peripheral polymorphonuclear cells.30 It should be emphasized, however, that the anti-inflammatory actions of the fish oils, in addition to inhibition of LTB4, include suppression of IL - 1 and platelet activating factor synthesis and scavenging of free oxygen radicals.30 The impact of increased lipid peroxidation after fish oil supplementation should be considered when altering the n - 6: n - 3 fatty acid ratio.31 Antioxidant supplementation may be able to counteract the potentially adverse effects of n - 3 fsignificant reduction in LTB4 synthesis by blood peripheral polymorphonuclear cells.30 It should be emphasized, however, that the anti-inflammatory actions of the fish oils, in addition to inhibition of LTB4, include suppression of IL - 1 and platelet activating factor synthesis and scavenging of free oxygen radicals.30 The impact of increased lipid peroxidation after fish oil supplementation should be considered when altering the n - 6: n - 3 fatty acid ratio.31 Antioxidant supplementation may be able to counteract the potentially adverse effects of n - 3 fatty acids.

Finally, I think what the media really want to know when they ask about Katrina and global warming is whether the connection is «significant», and I don't think there's consensus there, partly as Gavin says, that's a matter of semantics, partly it's a genuine disagreement as to how important global warming is where hurricanes are concerned compared to other factors, and how «significant» an argument the influence of global warming on hurricanes is for deciding energy policy.

How UAH (University of Alabama, Huntsville) satellite temperature data supports Urban Heat (UHI) as a real and significant factor when estimating global temperatures.

But your post starts with «How UAH (University of Alabama, Huntsville) satellite temperature data supports Urban Heat (UHI) as a real and significant factor when estimating global temperatures.»

Although the financial value of a company is always a crucial factor when it comes to the due diligence process of any merger and acquisition, the intellectual property it owns is equally as important, as this will account for a significant percentage of the overall value when merging companies are weighing up their assets.

They can also be asked to provide an opinion on other important factors that should be borne in mind when considering a business case, such as issues of liquidity and whether one spouse can draw significant sums from a business to meet a financial settlement.

Despite expressing his concern that there was «a significant potential» that the litigation was being conducted in a «disproportionate» manner, and that it may be the case that, in making an order, the parties might exhaust all of the resources available to them, Moylan J felt that the factor that warranted the most weight, when deciding whether to exercise the discretionary power to make an order, was the obligation, so far as practicable, «to ensure or to seek to ensure that the parties [were] on an equal footing».

As expected the colors and black levels are incredible here and deliver a significant wow factor when using the display.

These factors, as well as others such as interpersonal ability and computer skills can be significant considerations when brining a new office administrator on board.

This is supported by Szatmari's work in Canada, which showed that family dysfunction and, for boys, service needs disappeared as significant variables associated with ADHD when comorbidity for other disorders were factored in, of which by the far the most common was CD.31 Unsurprisingly, abused children with ADHD have poorer outcomes in adulthood, but that could have several alternative explanations as there are many confounders that could account for these differences in outcome.

It is unclear if the association is causal or rather if substance abuse is secondary to another factor, such as depression or hopelessness.9 In the present study, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use remained significant even when the effects of other factors, including a measure of emotional health, were taken into account.

When that's applied to us, there is danger that it might «blame the victims» and might not account for significant contributing factors such as the history of colonisation, ongoing poverty and racism, and the need for local community ownership and partnerships.

When examining suicidal behaviour, risk in the context of childhood adversity, sexual abuse, physical abuse and parental divorce emerged as significant risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the total sample.

While the financial burden of a divorce is often a significant motivating factor in settlement, when you owe a lot at the time you are making these important decisions, that factor will weigh heavily on you as you decide whether or not to settle.

One indicator of family socio - economic disadvantage (low parental education) remain as a significant predictor of poor father - child relationship when the child was aged 10, as in the multivariable model considering only early life factors.

The following findings show examples of statistically significant relationships between poverty duration and a range of child outcomes, although these only held when other factors, such as parents» work intensity and education, were not taken into account.

When using the WOC factors as dependent variables, no corresponding significant model could be developed.

Several longitudinal studies have indicated that returning to full - time work after a brief maternity leave was a risk factor that compromised maternal mental health (depression and anxiety), especially when shorter leaves coincided with maternal fatigue, poor general health, poor social support, marital concerns, and other risk factors.17, 18 When mothers in the Wisconsin Maternity Leave and Health Study were contacted one year after they had given birth, no significant differences were noted between home - makers, part - time, and full - time employed women in measures of mental health such as depression, anxiety and self - estwhen shorter leaves coincided with maternal fatigue, poor general health, poor social support, marital concerns, and other risk factors.17, 18 When mothers in the Wisconsin Maternity Leave and Health Study were contacted one year after they had given birth, no significant differences were noted between home - makers, part - time, and full - time employed women in measures of mental health such as depression, anxiety and self - estWhen mothers in the Wisconsin Maternity Leave and Health Study were contacted one year after they had given birth, no significant differences were noted between home - makers, part - time, and full - time employed women in measures of mental health such as depression, anxiety and self - esteem.

The internalizing x externalizing interaction factor was a statistically significant predictor of the intercept for dichotomous variables when it was specified at W1, W2, W4, and W5, βs = − 11.80 to − 3.23, ps < 0.05, and the nature of this interaction was similar to that described in our main analysis with W3 specified as the intercept.

When purchasing a significant property, buyers must consider several factors that affect the luxury space such as global conditions, like foreign economic growth, as well as the timing of the purchase.