In tomorrow's issue of The New England Journal of Medicine, researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, and Roche Biomedical Laboratories report convincing evidence that the NF1 gene
acts as a tumor suppressor in human cancer.
After the KRAS mutation was induced by the researchers, other mutations in what are
known as tumor suppressor genes developed.
LKB1, originally
identified as a tumor suppressor protein, is currently thought as a critical regulator of cellular metabolism and growth by controlling the activity of AMP - activated protein kinase (AMPK) and also 12 other kinases that are closely related to AMPK.
And in view of PTEN's critical
role as a tumor suppressor, it's also important that the process we uncovered is a controlled one, not random as was previously believed.»
EDD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in degrading cellular proteins, while TIP60 act
as a tumor suppressor protein, and can both be found in the human body.
Using cultured prostate cancer specimens from patients who were given a single 250 mg dose of fulvestrant, researchers found that hsa - miR - 765 acted
as a tumor suppressor when its expression was increased by the use of fulvestrant.
This phenomenon could result in breakage in the human genome, and when a breakage impacts important genes,
such as tumor suppressors, it could lead to cancer development.
Finally, Dr. Goldenring's laboratory is also investigating the role of
Rab25 as a tumor suppressor in the colon using the Rab25 - / -; Smad3 + / - mouse model, which develops spontaneous invasive distal colon cancers.
In cancer research, the CBP and p300 proteins were known
as tumor suppressors until the Panne lab showed that several known cancer mutations could cause p300 to over-activate itself.
The highly homologous bromodomain containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a component of the SWI / SNF polybromo - associated BAF (PBAF) complex and has been
proposed as a tumor suppressor [2].
A role of HUWE1 has been very controversial in the context of cancer biology — some studies report
HUWE1 as a tumor suppressor, while other studies show HUWE1 as having the potential to cause cancer.
The HIPPO molecular pathway
works as a tumor suppressor that helps control organ development and size in most organisms, from fruit flies to humans.
The current discovery that MAX
acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer provides evidence that an aberrant SWI / SNF - MYC / MAX network is essential for lung cancer development.
There is strong evidence that the protein complex APC / C may function
as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers including lymphoma, colorectal and breast cancer, and now melanoma.
First mTOR disables a protein that acts
as a tumor suppressor, called 4EBP1.
Rb acts
as a tumor suppressor.
«Several studies and clinical evidence suggest AIM2 functions
as a tumor suppressor, but until now, we've had very little direct evidence to explains how this occurs,» said Justin E. Wilson, PhD, the study's first author and a postdoctoral fellow at UNC Lineberger, the UNC School of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Department of Genetics.
BRCA1 and 2, genes whose proteins are supposed to work
as tumor suppressors and also repair DNA damage, were the first known risk factor genes for familial breast cancer as well as ovarian and other cancers.
Normally highly active in the brain, the BAI1 gene is lost or silenced in brain tumors, suggesting that it acts
as a tumor suppressor.
Now, results of a new study by Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists suggests a powerful role for the protein in normal breast cells, acting
as a tumor suppressor that halts abnormal cell growth.
In humans, cancer develops when genes that suppress cancer, known
as tumor suppressors, are lost and when mutations or genes that promote cancer, known as oncogenes, are gained or activated.
Researchers at Genes and Cancer group at Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), led by Montse Sanchez - Cespedes, have identified the PARD3 gene
as a tumor suppressor that is inactivated in lung cancer squamous type.
In fact, KLF4 blocks senescence and apoptosis by repressing transcription of P53, whereas it can activate P21 - dependent cell - cycle arrest, and therefore, KLF4 can function
both as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene (33, 34).
Previous research had shown that micro RNA (MIR506), a small molecule produced in the human body, had functioned
as a tumor suppressor in many human cancers and enhanced chemotherapy's effectiveness in ovarian cancer.
The lab has recently found that Lrig1, an inducible negative regulator of the EGFR, marks proliferative and quiescent intestinal stem cells, and acts
as a tumor suppressor.
Thirteen tumors had two non-silent MAP3K1 mutations (biallelic loss), and most of the mutations are highly deleterious (nonsense, frameshift, etc.) suggesting that this gene may act
as a tumor suppressor.
All these features strongly suggest that DDX3 might act
as a tumor suppressor.
Hence, p21waf1 / cip1 acts
as a tumor suppressor.
Sheltzer, Jason M. and Ko, Julie H. and Replogle, John M. and Habibe Burgos, Nicole C. and Chung, Erica S. and Meehl, Colleen M. and Sayles, Nicole M. and Passerini, Verena and Storchova, Zuzana and Amon, Angelika (2017) Single - chromosome Gains Commonly Function
as Tumor Suppressors.
In 1989, Bert Vogelstein, MD, a titan in the field of cancer genomics, discovered that p53 acts
as a tumor suppressor.
Mutations in the NF1 gene cause defects in the neurofibromin 1 protein, which acts
as a tumor suppressor.
Crystal Structure of the Human N - Myc Downstream - regulated Gene 2 Protein Provides Insight into Its Role
as a Tumor Suppressor.