Sentences with phrase «as aerosol components»

Not exact matches

Scientists are also trying to figure out the role that aerosol particles — including a component of soot known as black carbon — play in influencing the behavior of Himalayan glaciers.

A third key hypothesis involves acidic aerosols released at volcanic sites, such as acid fog, dispersed throughout the atmosphere, and interacting subsequently with the finer components of soil as a source of widespread hydrated iron - sulfate salts.

Sulphate is not typically the dominant anthropogenic aerosol component however, though many climate models treat it as such.

The stratospheric component of ECHO - G is obviously better than in an EBM but many of the important factors that lead to this being important were not considered in those runs (i.e. the volcanic forcing was input as an equivalent TOA forcing, rather than as absorbing lower stratospheric aerosols, and no stratospheric ozone feedbacks on the solar forcing were included).

Some time ago I looked at the forcing components in AR4, and found that the IPCC used aerosols as a fudge factor.

In addition to the Ramanathan paper cited above by Chief Hydrologist, the review article by Ramanathan and Carmichael is informative in quantifying both the positive and negative forcing effects of aerosols as a function of their components.

In order to grasp the reasons behind the discrepancies, we investigate the effect of aerosol sources that are not properly included in the model's emission inventory and in the boundary conditions such as the wildfires and the desert dust component.

In the rest of this analysis I deal with the question of to what extent the model simulations used by Shindell can be regarded as providing reliable information about how the real climate system responds to forcing from aerosols, ozone and other forcing components.

Figure 10.4 of AR5, reproduced as Figure 2 below, shows in panel (b) estimated scaling factors for three forcing components: natural (blue bars), GHG (green bars) and «other anthropogenic» — largely aerosols, ozone and land use change (yellow bars).

As noted earlier, the IPCC's latest report indicates that the current radiative forcing of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases and aerosols effectively cancel each other, so that the net effect of all radiative forcing components is currently roughly equal to the effect of carbon dioxide alone.

So when IPCC tells me that all anthropogenic forcing components other than CO2 (aerosols, albedo, land use, other GHGs, etc.) essentially cancel one another out, I have to accept this as likely to be correct.

The sixth possible component, only to be used as a last resort, would be some form of geo - engineering to probably replace the aerosols that would be lost as carbon emissions are reduced and do not replace the short - term aerosols.

Called ModelE, it provides the ability to simulate many different configurations of Earth System Models — including interactive atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, carbon cycle and other tracers, as well as the standard atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and land surface components.

This tells us that over this period all other anthropogenic forcing components (aerosols, other GHGs, land use changes, surface albedo changes, etc.) essentially cancelled one another out, so we can ignore your statement «we suspect that aerosols caused cooling», as this is already compensated for by other anthropogenic warming beside CO2.

For a comprehensive GCM I can count oceans, land, atmosphere, ice, biological processes, organic and inorganic chemical processes, human - made sources and other effects, radiative energy transport, conduction and convective heat transfer, phase change, clouds and aerosols, as some of the important system components, phenomena, and processes.

Theoretically, coatings of essentially non-absorbing components such as organic carbon or sulphate on strongly absorbing core components such as black carbon can increase the absorption of the composite aerosol (e.g., Fuller et al., 1999; Jacobson, 2001a; Stier et al., 2006a), with results backed up by laboratory studies (e.g., Schnaiter et al., 2003).

[Response: As far as I can tell — if you compensate for the affects of the southern oscillation index, volcanic aerosols, and solar variation (so you're looking at the man - made component), then temperature change since about 1975 is approximately lineaAs far as I can tell — if you compensate for the affects of the southern oscillation index, volcanic aerosols, and solar variation (so you're looking at the man - made component), then temperature change since about 1975 is approximately lineaas I can tell — if you compensate for the affects of the southern oscillation index, volcanic aerosols, and solar variation (so you're looking at the man - made component), then temperature change since about 1975 is approximately linear.