Sentences with phrase «as aerosol particles»

Interactions with the hydrological cycle, and additional impacts on the radiation budget, occur through the role of aerosols in cloud microphysical processes, as aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN).

As the aerosol particles rise on the warm, convecting air, they produce more rain over northern India and the Himalayan foothill, which further warms the atmosphere and fuels a «heat pump» that draws yet more warm air to the region.

«A rapid cutback in greenhouse gas emissions could speed up global warming... because current global warming is offset by global dimming — the 2 - 3ºC of cooling cause by industrial pollution, known to scientists as aerosol particles, in the atmosphere.»

Not exact matches

These results imply that the chlorine activation efficiency of the aerosol particles increases rapidly as the temperature approaches the ice frost point regardless of the phase or composition of the particles.

Scientists are also trying to figure out the role that aerosol particles — including a component of soot known as black carbon — play in influencing the behavior of Himalayan glaciers.

Another source of uncertainty comes from the direct effect of aerosols from human origins: How much do they reflect and absorb sunlight directly as particles?

Aerosol particles act as seeds, around which water vapour condenses into cloud droplets.

For example, the tiny particles known as aerosols are far better understood, says atmospheric scientist Piers Forster of the University of Leeds in England andalso a lead author.

Aerosol particles have different sizes, as well as chemical and physical properties, all of which determine their climate effects.

The scientists expect further warming in the Arctic as levels of greenhouse gases will continue to increase and aerosol particle emissions will likely decrease to combat air pollution in different parts of the world.

The research focuses on the power of minute airborne particles known as aerosols, which can come from urban and industrial air pollution, wildfires and other sources.

«We suspect that water bound within sea salt, known as hydrates, play a significant role in defining the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea spray aerosol, If true, it means that the particles would take up less water because of the water already present as hydrates and, as a result, they would grow less.

Sea spray droplets are aerosol water particles that are ejected into the atmosphere as waves break at the ocean surface.

Aerosol particles influence Earth's climate through cloud formation: Clouds can only form if so - called cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are present, which act as seeds for condensing water molecules.

Larger aerosol particles greater than 100 nanometers, such as soot or black carbon, are known to help seed clouds.

On their own, aerosol particles are tiny; when a cloud droplet becomes a rain droplet, it grows by a factor of a million as droplets crash and coalesce together.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

Taking factors such as sea surface temperature, greenhouse gases and natural aerosol particles into consideration, the researchers determined that changes in the concentration of black carbon could be the primary driving force behind the observed alterations to the hydrological cycle in the region.

Soot particles, also known as black carbon aerosols, affect climate by absorbing sunlight, which warms the surrounding air and limits the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.

Plants release gases that, after atmospheric oxidation, tend to stick to aerosol particles, growing them into the larger - sized particles that reflect sunlight and also serve as the basis for cloud droplets.

Although the seven - year data record is too short to make conclusions about long - term trends, it is an important step toward understanding how dust and other windborne particles, or aerosols, behave as they move across the ocean.

Funded by the U.K. government, SPICE was set up in 2010 by British research institutions to investigate whether aerosols, such as sulfate particles, could be injected into Earth's stratosphere to scatter sunlight back into space, thereby stalling global warming.

Ginot and his team of researchers can also track aerosols — small particles in the atmosphere that fall with snow and get trapped and stored in the ice, layer by layer, as the years pass.

The question is: Does the current load of aerosols in the atmosphere already exceed that limit, in which case adding extra particles should not greatly affect cloud formation; or do they continue to be a limiting factor as pollution rises, so that added aerosols would continue to influence the clouds?

Now an international team of researchers led by the lung researcher Marianne Geiser from the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Bern and the aerosol researcher Josef Dommen from the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has shown that secondary particles from gasoline combustion in Euro 5 engines directly damage lung tissue as well as weaken its defense functions.

Preliminary analyses show that most of the pollution was sulphate aerosols — along with dust and carbonaceous particles such as black carbon.

Aerosol particles act as cloud droplets and thus reflect solar radiation back to space cooling down the planet.

«Particles of any kind, even much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, will, as a rule, make the sky brighter but at the expense of its purity of color,» Bohren says, noting that the effect is more pronounced when there is a high concentration of large aerosols.

These aerosol particles act as condensation nuclei and modify cloud formation.

Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has natural as well as anthropogenic sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.

, Kilcoyne, A.L.D., Moffet, R.C., Weigand, M., Martin, S.T., Pöschl, U., and Andreae, M.O.: Biogenic potassium salt particles as seeds for secondary organic aerosol in the Amazon, Science, 337, 1075 - 1078, 2012.

The specialized instruments onboard the aircraft sampled the plume for aerosol particle size distribution and composition as well as concentrations of pollutant gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

During ISDAC, they collected an unprecedented level of data and detailed observations on Arctic clouds and aerosols, those tiny particles in the atmosphere that act as seeds for cloud droplets and ice crystals.

Therefore, considering the large contribution of these particles to the aerosol mass concentration in the atmosphere and the importance of the INPs, we study the ability of these particles as INPs by immersion freezing mode.

Possible reasons revolve around tiny natural and manmade particles called aerosols that serve as seeds for cloud droplets to form around.

Because small - scale climate features, such as clouds and atmospheric aerosol particles, have a large impact on global climate, it's important to improve the methods used to represent those climate features in the models.

One of those complex interactions is aerosols, the microscopic particles of dust, soot, and chemicals dispersed in the atmosphere that scatter or absorb sunlight and act as seeds for cloud formation.

Incoming energy, which comes primarily from the sun, is turned into various forms of absorbed energy, depending on terrain and atmospheric conditions such as clouds and aerosol particles.

Results: Today's climate models regard organic aerosols as static carbon - based molecules, but scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of California, Irvine showed that the particles are very dynamic.

Airborne particles in the form of naturally occurring dusts and human - produced aerosols can serve as ice nuclei, sites around which water vapor condenses into clouds.

In the middle of the last century, for example, soot and other particles spewing from factory smokestacks, collectively known as aerosols — cooled the planet for a couple of decades.

In general, the risk of aerosol transmission increases with proximity and duration of exposure to the source; however, once aerosolized, certain pathogens may remain infective over long distances, depending on particle size, the nature of the pathogen, and such environmental factors as temperature and humidity.3

Canine cough is spread via aerosol (infectious particles in the air) and moves through shelters and kennels much the same as a human cold virus moves through a day care centre.

As for Pinatubo aerosols, the residence time for such particles is around 3 to 4 years before they are advected / settle out the stratosphere — there are effectively none left.

The Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) measures the soot (black carbon) mass of individual aerosol particles by laser - induced incandescence down to concentrations as low as ng / m ^ 3.

It is shown that such photopolarimetric data are highly sensitive to the size distribution and refractive index of aerosol particles, which reduces the nonuniqueness in aerosol retrievals using such data as compared with less comprehensive datasets.

«Climate models consider anthropogenic forcings like greenhouse gases and tiny atmospheric particles known as aerosols, but they can not study a specific climate event like the current hiatus,» said Yu Kosaka, co-author of the Nature paper.

I write it off as a very real effect that is not well characterized by the models, probably because these models don't model with enough accuracy the effect of the additional aerosol particles on cloud production to properly account for it's full effect on temperature.

These were intriguing, as well as highly speculative: first the possibility of deliberately using additional targeted aerosol injection to stimulate coagulation of the particles in the volcanic aerosol; mitigating its effects by causing the particles to drop out of the atmosphere more swiftly.

Scientists found that emissions of tiny air particles from human - made sources — known as anthropogenic aerosols — were the cause.