Sentences with phrase «as aerosol processes»

Topics have included sensitivity analysis, calibration, and optimization for cloud and convection systems as well as aerosol processes.

Not exact matches

The process may also play a part in the mixing between atmosphere and oceans, as smaller bubbles tend to absorb gas faster than big ones and are better at spitting out aerosol droplets when they pop.

These chemical compounds were once emitted by dry cleaning processes, old refrigerators, and aerosols such as hairspray.

While a large amount of aerosols that exist in the Earth's atmosphere are naturally occurring — created by processes such as mechanical suspension by wind or sea spray — much is produced as a result of industrialization.

This should be taken with a grain of salt, given that our understanding of the small scale processes such as clouds and aerosols as feedbacks are fairly poor.

PNNL researchers play a key role in reducing uncertainty through improved process understanding and modeling of climate processes such as clouds and aerosols.

Much of this uncertainty is due to the complexity of aerosols and their interactions with and impacts on cloud processes and properties, as well as the wide range of scales on which these interactions occur.

As a package, it evaluates the performance of aerosol process modules across a wide range of field measurements.

This statement on its own would be an acknowledgement that climate engineering processes are underway and now we can not turn back as switching off the aerosols would be more damaging than any other course of action.

The aci effect (associated with clouds) is either specified in the model as forcing, or the model allows the aerosols to interact directly with the cloud microphysical processes.

I was told by one semi-expert climate scientist (someone who was in the process of changing fields to climate science from a different numerical modeling field, as so possibly still catching up) that although globally aerosols played the most important role in this period, there was also around the same time period (maybe beginning slightly earlier?

nevertheless, both states can coexist for a wide range of environmental conditions.5, 7 Aerosols, liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, serve as Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and therefore affect the concentration of activated cloud droplets.8 Changes in droplet concentration affect key cloud properties such as the time it takes for the onset of significant collision and coalescence between droplets, a process critical for rain formation.»

Aerosols, liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, serve as Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and therefore affect the concentration of activated cloud droplets.8 Changes in droplet concentration affect key cloud properties such as the time it takes for the onset of significant collision and coalescence between droplets, a process critical for rain formation.»

New evidence shows that the ocean also acts as a source of organic matter from biogenic origin -LSB-...] Surface - active organic matter of biogenic origin -LSB-...] enriched in the oceanic surface layer and transferred to the atmosphere by bubble - bursting processes, are the most likely candidates to contribute to the observed organic fraction in marine aerosol.

temperature, other climatic variables, and concentrations of aerosols and trace gases; and (2) making raw and processed atmospheric measurements accessible in a form that enables a number of different groups to replicate and experiment with the processing of the more widely disseminated data sets such as the MSU tropospheric temperature record.

The formation of cloud droplets and cloud ice crystals is associated with suspended aerosols, which are produced by natural processes as well as human activities and are ubiquitous in Earth's atmosphere.

«In order to develop climate models, we have to consider microphysical processes, such as how a cloud droplet gets formed and how such droplets and physical conditions inside and outside of a cloud are changed by the presence of aerosols,» she said.

Today she is an inspired investigator of severe storms, as well as an ascendant expert in modeling cloud - aerosol interactions at the process scale.

However, the precise processes and feedback mechanisms have not yet been fully understood, so that the interaction between aerosol particles, their suitability as cloud condensation nuclei, and the sunlight reflected off the earth's surface represented one of the greatest uncertainties in the calculation of climatic activity.

While it is impossible to know what decisions are made in the development process of each model, it seems plausible that choices are made based on agreement with observations as to what parameterizations are used, what forcing datasets are selected, or whether an uncertain forcing (e.g. mineral dust, land use) or feedback (indirect aerosol effect) is incorporated or not.

... The observed patterns of change over the past 50 years can not be explained by natural processes alone, nor by the effects of short - lived atmospheric constituents (such as aerosols and tropospheric ozone) alone.

The NIPCC report exaggerates the uncertainty in climate science, but seems to put a lot of faith in elusive and hardly quantified processes such as natural aerosol feedbacks coming to our rescue.

This should be taken with a grain of salt, given that our understanding of the small scale processes such as clouds and aerosols as feedbacks are fairly poor.

Interactions with the hydrological cycle, and additional impacts on the radiation budget, occur through the role of aerosols in cloud microphysical processes, as aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN).

Knowledge of the basic physical processes seems to be in flux as well: how long ago was the importance of the ozone layer and aerosols discovered?

But a reminder, you are doing V&V on the dynamic core, the bottom boundary conditions (like orography), each individual parameterization (e.g. radiative transfer, convection, boundary layer, clouds, etc), and in the case of coupled models the ocean module, the sea ice module, the land process module, the aerosol module (and in future the ice sheet module), in stand alone mode as well as when coupled in the climate model.

For anyone doubting the existence of the phenomenon called «chemtrails», please take the time to read through this extensive list of patents from the U.S. Patent and Trade Mark Office on equipment and processes used in aerosol spraying programs commonly referred to as «chemtrails» but scientifically called «weather geoengineering.»

My studies range from detailed aerosol processes such as the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), to centennial time scale climate variability related to natural variability and external forcings.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.

For a comprehensive GCM I can count oceans, land, atmosphere, ice, biological processes, organic and inorganic chemical processes, human - made sources and other effects, radiative energy transport, conduction and convective heat transfer, phase change, clouds and aerosols, as some of the important system components, phenomena, and processes.