Sentences with phrase «as atmospheric aerosol»

Not exact matches

Combined with a decrease in atmospheric water vapor and a weaker sun due to the most recent solar cycle, the aerosol finding may explain why climate change has not been accelerating as fast as it did in the 1990s.

For example, the tiny particles known as aerosols are far better understood, says atmospheric scientist Piers Forster of the University of Leeds in England andalso a lead author.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

Plants release gases that, after atmospheric oxidation, tend to stick to aerosol particles, growing them into the larger - sized particles that reflect sunlight and also serve as the basis for cloud droplets.

Non-polar glacial ice holds a wealth of information about past changes in climate, the environment and especially atmospheric composition, such as variations in temperature, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and emissions of natural aerosols or human - made pollutants... The glaciers therefore hold the memory of former climates and help to predict future environmental changes.

«It is therefore reasonable to expect that precipitation extremes will continue to intensify,» although how much is still a mystery, largely thanks to an unclear understanding of the atmospheric impact of how tiny flecks of pollution in the atmosphere — known as aerosols to scientists and comprising materials ranging from soot to sulfur dioxide.

The relative atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases as well as aerosol and particulate content coupled with other climate information gives insight into both the importance of these as drivers of temperature as well as how these drivers might couple in either a positive or negative feedback sense (Beckman and Mahoney, 1998).

These oligomers are also the starting materials for troubling atmospheric aerosols, known as secondary organic aerosols.

Because small - scale climate features, such as clouds and atmospheric aerosol particles, have a large impact on global climate, it's important to improve the methods used to represent those climate features in the models.

Incoming energy, which comes primarily from the sun, is turned into various forms of absorbed energy, depending on terrain and atmospheric conditions such as clouds and aerosol particles.

The Finnish Meteorological Institute started meteorological observations on the island in 1881, and atmospheric trace gas and aerosol measurements as member of the EMEP - network in 1980.

ICARUS is gathering data on surface radiation, heat fluxes, and vertical profiles of the basic atmospheric state (temperature, humidity, and horizontal wind), as well as turbulence, aerosol properties, and cloud properties.

Attribution of early 20th century warming requires a more quantitative consideration of all the contributions (e.g. atmospheric aerosols, black carbon etc. as well as anthropogenic greenhouse contributions, recovery from volcanic aerosols and solar etc.).

In the unlikely case of an abrupt fuel burning cessation, we could add aerosols at a decreasing rate, both to smooth the transition, but also because atmospheric CO2 would drop significantly during the first few years after a cessation, as the shorter term reservoirs have not yet come to equilibrium and would still be absorbing CO2 at a decent clip for several years.

«Cloud water content as gauged by the Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) reaches a minimum ~ 7 days after the Forbush minimum in cosmic rays...» Svensmark et al, «Cosmic ray decreases affect atmospheric aerosols and clouds», GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,

In addition, many non-sulfur-based biogenic materials of the terrestrial environment play major roles as water - and ice - nucleating aerosols; and the airborne presence of these materials should also be enhanced by rising levels of atmospheric CO2.

But this is silly, since the atmospheric lifetime of aerosols is just a matter of days, so once we stop burning coal, as we eventually must, the aerosols disappear quickly, unmasking the pent - up warming due to all the extra CO2 we emitted by not switching from coal to natural gas.

The trouble is that there remains little empirical evidence to support the idea, as we were surprised to find out when we talked to UC San Diego atmospheric physicist Veerabhadran Ramanathan about his research showing that another type of aerosol — black carbon — had a significant warming effect:

«Climate models consider anthropogenic forcings like greenhouse gases and tiny atmospheric particles known as aerosols, but they can not study a specific climate event like the current hiatus,» said Yu Kosaka, co-author of the Nature paper.

Such mixtures of absorbing and scattering aerosols (including other particulate matter such as nitrate, potassium and so on) are referred to as ABCs, for atmospheric brown clouds11» https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo918

Possible explanations include greenhouse effects such as changes in cloudiness, aerosol loading, atmospheric water vapor content, or carbon dioxide.

However, I am not a «warmista» by any means — we do not know how to properly quantify the albedo of aerosols, including clouds, with their consequent negative feedback effects in any of the climate sensitivity models as yet — and all models in the ensemble used by the «warmistas» are indicating the sensitivities (to atmospheric CO2 increase) are too high, by factors ranging from 2 to 4: which could indicate that climate sensitivity to a doubling of current CO2 concentrations will be of the order of 1 degree C or less outside the equatorial regions (none or very little in the equatorial regions)- i.e. an outcome which will likely be beneficial to all of us.

As the Director of GISS and Principal Investigator for the GISS ModelE Earth System Model, I am interested in understanding past, present and future climate and the impacts of multiple drivers of climate change, including solar irradiance, atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, and greenhouse gases.

In turn, these optical depths may be used to derive information about the column abundances of ozone and water vapor, as well as aerosol and other atmospheric constituents.

Why wouldn't (or couldn't) NOAA acknowledge geoengineering atmospheric aerosol dispersions as a source of particulate pollution?

temperature, other climatic variables, and concentrations of aerosols and trace gases; and (2) making raw and processed atmospheric measurements accessible in a form that enables a number of different groups to replicate and experiment with the processing of the more widely disseminated data sets such as the MSU tropospheric temperature record.

Later, the enhancement of atmospheric aerosol particle formation by ions generated from cosmic rays was proposed as a physical mechanism explaining this correlation.

Our main conclusion is that galactic cosmic rays appear to play a minor role for atmospheric aerosol formation events, and so for the connected aerosol - climate effects as well.

The cosmic ray particles work let's say like a «glue» that puts together all the already formed condensation nuclei in the atmospheric air, creating therefore bigger condensation nuclei and finally the clouds, or the cosmic particles act as aerosols on their own, on which the water vapour condenses?

Increased biomass can lead to increased emissions of biogases such as dimethyl sulfide and isoprene, which when oxidized in the atmospheric form sulphate and organic aerosols that can nucleate clouds, increasing cloud cover and planetary albedo — the CLAW Hypothesis.

Joe Ceonnia: ``... it seems to me as if this program is all over the globe» Joe, by observing the astoundingly unnatural patterns of atmospheric aerosols on cloud formations around the planet — via NASA Worldview (online)-- one can visibly observe the effects of geoengineering around the world.

These NCA emissions directly affect particle concentrations and human exposure to nanosized aerosol in urban areas, and potentially may act as nanosized condensation nuclei for the condensation of atmospheric low - volatile organic compounds.

The direct RF due to nitrate aerosol is therefore sensitive to atmospheric concentrations of ammonia as well as NOx emissions.

As a result, not only did atmospheric aerosol concentrations not quadruple, they declined starting in the late 1970s:

This is as to be expected, since continued efforts to reduce atmospheric aerosols in the West have resulted in less dimming (more warming), while in the East increasing pollution has caused more dimming (less warming).

Its twice - daily five - day forecasts of global atmospheric composition supplement the IFS monitoring of temperature, air pressure and humidity by including chemical species such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, aerosols and greenhouse gases.

The latter effect acts to reduce CO2 sensitivity by increasing the aerosol - sensitive SW tau, increasing both cloud density and cover, decreasing upper tropospheric specific humidity and INCREASING SW albedo and will increasingly do so as the atmospheric level of CO2 rises!

The latter effect acts to reduce CO2 sensitivity by increasing the aerosol - sensitive SW tau, increasing both cloud density and cover, decreasing upper tropospheric specific humidity and SW albedo and will increasingly do so as the atmospheric level of CO2 rises!

Models suggest atmospheric aerosol concentrations will increase as the temperatures keep climbing — and that's bad news for your lungs.

Assessment of natural and anthropogenic (human - caused) influences indicate that the climate system would be relatively stable without industrial atmospheric influences such as greenhouse gases and aerosols.

In this and other articles dealing with global warming, there is a disturbing tendency to view atmospheric aerosols, as beneficial because of their cooling effect.

The first satellite image below (from NASA), clearly reveals massive atmospheric aerosol spraying operations in skies along the US East Coast as the climate engineers prepared for the manufacturing of «Winter Storm Stella».

The annual average is about 0.25 of the peak — but you expect as well that the reflected SW would not vary as much as you suggest albedo of oceans being influenced by «solar zenith angle, wind speed, transmission by atmospheric cloud / aerosol, and ocean chlorophyll concentration.»

Theoretical and Applied Climatology covers climate modeling, climatic changes and climate forecasting, micro - to mesoclimate, applied meteorology as in agro - and forestmeteorology, biometeorology, building meteorology and atmospheric radiation problems as they relate to the biosphere; effects of anthropogenic and natural aerosols or gaseous trace constituents; hardware and software elements of meteorological measurements, including techniques of remote sensing, among other topics of current interest.

CO; 2 Observations of the Infrared Radiative Properties of the Ocean «[I] t is necessary to understand the physical variables contributing to sea surface emitted and reflected radiation to space.The emissivity of the ocean surface varies with view angle and sea state, the reflection of sky radiation also depends on view angle and sea state, and the absorption of atmospheric constituents such as water vapor, aerosols, and subdivisible clouds affect transmittance.»

As such I have pointed out that there was a lot of atmospheric aerosol in the years up to around the 1970 as industrial activity accelerated after the waAs such I have pointed out that there was a lot of atmospheric aerosol in the years up to around the 1970 as industrial activity accelerated after the waas industrial activity accelerated after the war.

The only direct real - world inputs to these models, in a climate change simulation context, are changes in atmospheric chemistry and composition (such as increasing greenhouse gases, or changing volcanic aerosols) and changes in solar radiation.

... The observed patterns of change over the past 50 years can not be explained by natural processes alone, nor by the effects of short - lived atmospheric constituents (such as aerosols and tropospheric ozone) alone.

The relative atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases as well as aerosol and particulate content coupled with other climate information gives insight into both the importance of these as drivers of temperature as well as how these drivers might couple in either a positive or negative feedback sense.

The relative atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases as well as aerosol and particulate content coupled with other climate information gives insight into both the importance of these as drivers of temperature as well as how these drivers might couple in either a positive or negative feedback sense (Beckman and Mahoney, 1998).