Sentences with phrase «as black carbon emission»

«There are also other important measures to reduce methane emissions from coal mining, municipal waste treatment and gas distribution, for example, as well as black carbon emission reductions through elimination of high - emitting vehicles, use of cleaner biomass cooking and heating stoves, replacement of kerosene wick lamps with LED lamps and other measures,» adds Zbigniew Klimont of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria, who also took part in the study.

Not exact matches

Overall, the new measures would lower global anthropogenic emissions of methane by 50 % and of black carbon aerosols, also known as soot, by 80 %.

Most carbon emissions linked to human activity are in the form of carbon dioxide gas (CO2), but other forms of carbon include the methane gas (CH4) and the particles generated by such fires — the tiny bits of soot, called black carbon, and motes of associated substances known as brown carbon.

The work by Mark Jacobson, director of Stanford University's Atmosphere / Energy program and a fellow at the university's Woods Institute, argues that cutting emissions of black carbon may be the fastest method to limit the ongoing loss of ice in the Arctic, which is warming twice as fast as the global average.

Sir Andy Haines, Professor of Public Health & Primary Care at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and study co-author, said: «This paper shows how heat related deaths will escalate in the absence of decisive action to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and short - lived climate pollutants such as methane and black carbon.

«Black carbon emissions from burning biofuel such as yak dung have not been quantified before in the atmosphere of the Himalayas,» Saikawa says.

Black carbon or biochar has been hailed as one possible way of limiting greenhouse gas emissions, by taking carbon out of circulation.

But this outcome is not a given and depends on a variety of factors that can impact black carbon emissions such as engine design, fuel composition and geographic location.

«It's important to note that the article doesn't address the direct and immediate impact of forest burning, such as emissions of black carbon [considered a major driver of global warming owing to its high capacity for absorbing solar radiation].

The United States has released an ambitious, climate - and conservation - focused agenda for its 2 - year chairmanship that includes pushing for more research on black carbon, which accelerates melting in the region, and on emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane from the seabed and permafrost, as well as creating a network of marine protected areas in the Arctic and equipping Arctic villages with renewable energy sources.

One high - profile target, he says, should be reducing emissions of tiny soot particles, known as black carbon, that don't last long in the atmosphere but have an outsize impact on warming.

Once we adopt the perspective that it is unacceptable to use the atmosphere as a sewer, we will address issues related to all sorts of emissions: sulfur, black carbon, methane, carbon dioxide, etc..

Actual and projected emission levels are already at the high end of Hansen's «alternative scenario» which was suggested as an achievable outcome (based on significant control efforts) that kept forcings (including Co2, CH4 and black carbon) below a level that Hansen considered would be «dangerous» (specifically a level that would avoid the melting of any significant fraction of the WAIS or Greenland ice sheet).

Reducing emissions of the short - lived climate forcers black carbon and tropospheric ozone — soot and smog — has been identified by scientists as the most effective strategy to slow Arctic warming and melting in the near term, forestalling potentially irreversible tipping points such as the melting, while the world works to reduce emissions of GHGs.

Fast Mitigation: «If we want to reduce the threat of climate change in the near future, there are actions to take now: reduce emissions of short - lived pollutants such as black carbon, cut emissions of methane from natural - gas fields and landfills, and so on,» says Stanford climate scientist Ken Caldeira.

This assessment report looks into all aspects of anthropogenic emissions of black carbon and tropospheric ozone precursors, such as methane.

We are implementing scaled - up, real - world initiatives to attack large sources of emissions, such as methane from landfills and from oil and gas production; black carbon from heavy - duty diesel engines; and HFCs used in refrigeration and air conditioners.

Choices regarding emissions of other warming agents, such as methane, black carbon on ice / snow, and aerosols, can affect global warming over coming decades but have little effect on longer - term warming of the Earth over centuries and millennia.

«(II) reduce emissions of black carbon by over 60 percent (or such other goal as determined by the Administrator); and

(B) effective and cost - effective control technologies, operations, and strategies for additional domestic and international black carbon emissions reductions, such as diesel retrofit technologies on existing on - road, non-road, and stationary engines and programs to address residential cookstoves, and forest and agriculture - based burning;

As electricity plays an increasing role in future energy systems, it should be relatively easy to strip black carbon emissions at fossil fuel power plants.

Here's how to get rid of black carbon from electricity generation, cut GHG emissions by 13 Gt CO2 / a by 2050 (same as the Nordhaus «Optimal» carbon price policy) and achieve a lot more benefits as well.

(C) actions, in addition to those identified by the Administrator under section 851 of the Clean Air Act (as added by subsection (c)-RRB-, the Federal Government may take to encourage or require reductions in black carbon emissions.

«Kopacz et al. used a global chemical transport model to identify the location from which the BC arriving at a variety of locations in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau originates, after which they calculated its direct and snow - albedo radiative forcings... they say that observations of black carbon (BC) content in snow «show a rapidly increasing trend,»... «emissions from northern India and central China contribute the majority of BC to the Himalayas,» and that «the Tibetan Plateau receives most BC from western and central China, as well as from India, Nepal, the Middle East, Pakistan and other countries.»»

Reductions in emissions of black carbon since the late 1980s, mostly from diesel engines as a result of air quality programs, have resulted in a measurable reduction of concentrations of global warming pollutants in the atmosphere, according to a first - of - its - kind study — which Berkeley Lab participated in — examining the impact of black carbon on California's climate.

When all sources of black carbon emissions from diesel fuel combustion are considered, including farming and construction equipment, trains and ships, the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions can be as high as 50 million metric tons per year over the past 20 years.

Sacramento — Reductions in emissions of black carbon since the late 1980s, mostly from diesel engines as a result of air quality programs, have resulted in a measurable reduction of concentrations of global warming pollutants in the atmosphere, according to a first - of - its - kind study examining the impact of black carbon on California's climate.

According to co-author Dr. Tom Kirchstetter of Berkeley Lab, black carbon levels have decreased by about 90 percent over a 45 - year period, beginning with the establishment of CARB in 1967, mostly as a result of state regulations for diesel engine emissions.

Reductions in some short - lived human - induced emissions that contribute to warming, such as black carbon (soot) and methane, could reduce some of the projected warming over the next couple of decades, because, unlike carbon dioxide, these gases and particles have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes.The amount of warming projected beyond the next few decades is directly linked to the cumulative global emissions of heat - trapping gases and particles.

Methane emissions derive mostly from landfills, agriculture (particularly rice farming), livestock, and natural gas and coal extraction, while soot, otherwise called «black carbon», results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and derives primarily from primitive cook stoves used throughout much of the developing world, as well as diesel engines and coal - burning power plants.

These problems are compounded by crop damage from ozone partly produced by cookstove emissions, and from surface dimming that results as airborne black carbon intercepts sunlight.

As noted previously, assumptions about non-CO2 emissions are extremely important, and yet the role and dynamics of non-CO2 gases and other forcings (e.g., black carbon and sulfate aerosols) are complex and often confusing.

As black carbon is a leading cause of mortality from air pollution and accelerates the melting of glaciers that provide fresh water for millions, controlling these emissions is critical to promote sustainable development, improve human health and save lives.

What is needed are practical responses to the range of greenhouse gas and their diverse sources — as well as to emissions of black carbon particulates.

Given that, if one wants freedom of choice and an efficient market, shouldn't one accept a market solution (tax / credit or analogous system based on public costs, applied strategically to minimize paperwork (don't tax residential utility bills — apply upstream instead), applied approximately fairly to both be fair and encourage an efficient market response (don't ignore any significant category, put all sources of the same emission on equal footing; if cap / trade, allow some exchange between CO2 and CH4, etc, based CO2 (eq); include ocean acidification, etc.), allowing some approximation to that standard so as to not get very high costs in dealing with small details and also to address the biggest, most - well understood effects and sources first (put off dealing with the costs and benifits of sulphate aerosols, etc, until later if necessary — but get at high - latitude black carbon right away)?

Anthropogenic emissions include many types of GHG's as well as particulates such as black carbon and sulfate aerosols, each of which has a different effect on the atmosphere, and a different atmospheric lifetime.

Koch emphasized that other sub-sectors, such as kilns and coke, also have a high proportion of black carbon emissions compared to cooling organic carbon and sulfate particles.

As stated earlier, I agree with the point that tropospheric aerosols from fossil fuels are incredibly bad for human health and other environmental impacts (black carbon soot, acid rain, radioactive emissions, mercury poisoning), putting us in a situation of damned if we do, damned if we don't.

«Thanks to inspired and motivated action taken by a number of IMO member states to move towards a ban on heavy fuel oil, Arctic communities and ecosystems will be protected from the threat of oil spills, and the impact of black carbon emissions,» said Dr. Sian Prior, lead advisor to the Clean Arctic Alliance, a coalition of 18 non-governmental organizations working to end HFO use as marine fuel in Arctic waters.