«So what looks sort of disastrously singular, when you describe
it as a brane collision, is not very singular at all,» Turok explains.
In the ekpyrotic model, the necessary fluctuations are supposed to arise
as the branes ripple quantum mechanically, so that different areas would strike one another and take off expanding first.
Not exact matches
As was already pointed out by Edward Feser in the June / July issue of First Things, even if one grants that string theory is true, Krauss has already conceded the very medieval axiom he thought he was dispatching, since, after all, a «
brane» (assuming it exists) is something.
In keeping with this two - dimensional analogy, string theorists describe our observable universe
as a membrane — «
brane» for short — flapping in the breezes of the actual 10 - dimensional cosmos.
Our
brane is not the only one; there are others moving through the bulk
as well.
Just
as two sheets of paper could be blown together in a storm, different 3 - D
branes could collide within the bulk.
This
brane may, in turn, occupy a higher - dimensional space known
as the bulk.
Most of the particles in our universe stick within the
brane, but theorists have proposed that some neutrinos might be able to travel through the bulk
as well.
If the black
brane has an electric charge, bending it converts mechanical stress into an electric field,
as in piezoelectric materials (Physical Review Letters, doi.org/j2c).
Now Jay Armas of Copenhagen University in Denmark and colleagues have shown that black
branes can behave like solids
as well.
Run forward in time, the big bang appeared
as nothing more than two
branes smacking into each other like cymbals.
Our
brane and its counterpart would bounce off each other
as usual, but instead of going their separate ways, they would smack each other again and again
as if connected by a spring.
Then later last year, the group discovered in collaboration with Nathan Seiberg of the Institute for Advanced Study that the singularity could be interpreted
as a collision between the two «end of the world»
branes, in which only the gap dimension separating them shrinks down to zero for an instant.
Orally ingested plant lectins remaining at least partially undigested in the gut may bind to a wide variety of cell mem -
branes and glycoconjugates of the intestinal and colonic mucosa, leading to various deleterious effects on the mucosa itself
as well
as on the intestinal bacterial flora and other inner organs (26, 27).