Meanwhile, increasing temperature and ocean warming may lead to the reduction of diatom production as well
as cell size, inducing poleward shifts in the biogeographic distribution of diatoms.
To find out why, computational biologists came up with a computer model to predict how microbial metabolism and cellular composition change
as cell size varies, using details about how much space a bacterium needs for its components — DNA, proteins, and the molecular factories called ribosomes — to function.
Not exact matches
as floppy disks and
cell phones the
size of Shaquille O'Neal's shoe.
They're hoping to find out what controls the
size of the nucleus, the central compartment of a
cell that contains the DNA, and other components of the
cell as it develops into a many -
celled organism.
• «I was an early RS consumer having spent paperboy delivery money on countless «free» baseball bat
sized d -
cell flashlights, the mystical p - boxes and subsequently, Band - Aids (early life lesson on how hot a solder iron can get...) to returning later
as a college co-op student to the Fort Worth, TX headquarters.
No. 4: CAR - T takes a backseat Research into chimeric antigen receptor T -
cell (CAR - T) therapy has captured the attention of investors over the past two years, but safety risks could emerge
as trial
sizes increase, and that could help shift attention to other promising anti-cancer approaches, including NantKwest's (NASDAQ: NK) natural killer
cell approach and soon - to - IPO Editas» CRISPR / Cas approach.
Few know blindness so profoundly
as prisoners who once could see the whole world but now find the universe shrunk to the
size of a
cell.
Blood
cell size iron - oxygen spheres found in the vessels were identified
as an oxidized form of formerly pyritic framboids.
No God whatsoever... those brain
cells of yours must be the
size of an apple seed
as well
Life -
size, full - color figures of often gruesome criminals are displayed in the
cells which once housed them, right alongside histories of polar exploration and dry -
as - dust railroad and postal exhibits.
Anabolic steroids work by helping the body's muscle
cells produce more protein which,
as long
as the athletes works out, leads to increased muscle
size and strength and, at the same time, also allows the body to produce more ATP, the «fuel» muscles need to move.
The pocket is the same
size as the seat back, so you have lots of space to store your
cell phone, keys, and even bulkier things like a couple of library books.
Researchers have used fairly simple polymers to build
cell -
sized sacks that are
as flexible
as real
cell membranes, but much stronger.
The Avivo consists of a disposable sensor that adheres to the chest like a Band - Aid,
as well
as a
cell phone —
sized receiver.
The absorbance and scattering of light is determined by the
size, shape and material of the nanomaterial and, more importantly, it is also affected by any medium in close proximity to the nanomushroom, such
as cells that have been placed on the slide.
Scientists have long experimented with organs - on - chips: tiny representations of human organs, such
as lungs, hearts and intestines, made from
cells embedded on plastic about the
size of a computer memory stick.
That means New Mexico State University microbiologist Geoffrey Battle Smith has spent most summers commuting to work in a bumpy, 500 - feet - a-minute elevator down a 2,150 - foot mine shaft in the desert outside Carlsbad, N.M. Inside a tunnel, formally known
as a drift, Smith incubates bacteria and mammalian
cells in a steel vault the
size of a garden shed.
They noticed, however, that other brain
cells, which had shrunken in
size as a result of their lost neighbors, seemed to normalize.
The team showed that exosomes could serve
as an efficient carrier of RNAi, given that these nano -
sized vesicles easily travel across the body and enter
cells, including cancer
cells.
These improvements push the boundaries of nucleic - acid detection and fragment
sizing, affecting applications such
as single -
cell nucleic acid analysis, PCR - free preparation of NGS library preparation, bacterial artificial chromosome clone
sizing, and exosome analysis.
The study published in Cancer
Cell shows that exosomes from tumor
cells of breast cancer (and other tumor types such
as ovarian and endometrial) are different in
size and composition than those of healthy
cells.
The 8 July cover story features a nickel -
sized artificial string - ray whose swimming is guided by light and powered by heart muscle
cells: a «living» robot hailed
as a technical tour de force.
Tomasetti searched the literature to find the numbers he needed, such
as the
size of the stem
cell «compartment» in each tissue.
The
cells in such a brain tumor can display very different characteristics, such
as varying
cell size or number of
cell nuclei.
The
cells that Liu's team found were also about three or four times the
size of those that Tilly's team identified
as stem
cells.
But
as doctoral student Joey Wilson and Patwari will report in an upcoming issue of Transactions on Mobile Computing, they were eventually able to create a prototype wireless network of pole - mounted,
cell phone —
sized transceivers that they tested outdoors and indoors.
This widespread lack of the need for telomerase is used by evolution
as a key component of our defense against cancer, because having a limit to the
size and renewal of telomeres prevents our
cells from replicating themselves indefinitely — the crucial hallmark of cancer.
Depending on which device they buy, researchers can photograph
cells at anywhere from 20x to 60x magnification, and use the included software to sort them by purely visual characteristics such
as shape and
size, fluorescent markers, or both.
Nevertheless,
as Tobias says, it is still ``... a field beset with relatively few facts but many theories... The story of early hominid brains has to be read from carefully dated, well identified, fossilised calvariae, or from endocranial casts formed within them... Such materials confine the Hercule Poirot, who would read «the little grey
cells» of fossil hominids, to statements about the
size, shape and surface impressions... of ancient brains...» The other major limiting factor at the moment is the lack of suitable fossil skulls for such studies.
The innovation is especially significant for small devices, Hunter says, because other energy - storage technologies — such
as fuel
cells, batteries, and flywheels — tend to be less efficient, or simply too complex to be practical when reduced to very small
sizes.
Stokes and other industry observers also expect even larger, megawatt -
size distributed power units that are composed of modular 250 - kilowatt stacks to hit the market within two to three years, having recently watched large multinational corporations such
as General Electric and Rolls Royce sign supply deals with SOFC
cell - and stack - makers.
«
As a model small
cell type, we used a cancer
cell whose
size is around 24 micrometers, and achieved 98.9 % purity, 90.7 % viability, and a 97.8 % success rate.»
Such methods can be designed to sort
cells by
size or to identify
cells that display a targeted feature, such
as a fluorescent dye that has been added.
This resulted in an ultrasonic pressure wave that can be detected
as sound to give information about the
cell's
size and shape.
Traditionally, the process involves plucking the inner
cell mass from a 5 - day - old embryo known
as a blastocyst (a round ball of 150 to 200
cells the
size of a grain of sand), which destroys the embryo.
«We tested the method on microalgae
as an example of large
cells, around 100 micrometers in
size, and achieved 95.8 % purity, 90.8 % viability, and a 92.8 % success rate,» corresponding co-author Yusuke Kasai says.
Between birth and a child's first birthday, her brain nearly triples in
size as torrents of newborn nerve
cells create neural pathways.
That makes them of similar
size as many viruses, enabling the particles to enter
cells by exploiting the same surface proteins that viruses use for this purpose.
In spite of the
size disadvantage and
cell overcrowding, the researchers find the juveniles doing many of the sophisticated things their big brothers can do such
as deciphering between different kinds of prey like a mosquito versus a fly.
By doubling the power density of the fuel
cell stack, GM engineers halved its
size as well
as halved the amount of expensive materials, such
as platinum catalysts, that such fuel
cells require.
«Whether it's bacteria swarming,
cells roaming or energy - consuming «arrows» flying, these systems share universal characteristics independent of the precise
size and structure of the agents
as well
as their detailed interactions,» said corresponding author Bowick, who is on leave from Syracuse University while in his role at KITP.
The laser beam the groups have dreamed up could drag an object the
size of only a grain of salt or smaller, but experts say it could provide a new tool for manipulating tiny objects such
as cells.
«
As a result, the physical
size of the fuel
cell stack can be reduced for the same power, making it lighter and cheaper.
The phenomenon, known
as Warburg effect, is typical for cancer
cells and the mechanism behind is believed to benefit cancer
cells by switching biochemical engines from energy manufacturing reactions to anabolic reactions, which primarily support growth of the
cell size and proliferation.
It is well known that ribosome biogenesis is a key component of the
cell cycle
as it regulates
cell size and growth and the IBS team has uncovered that SSUPs play a critical role in maintaining induced pluripotent stem
cell integrity.
The researchers explored how to tune the
size, shape and morphology of materials known
as cell - penetrating self - assembling peptide nanomaterials, or CSPNs.
«Nano -
sized mesoporous silica particles have already been established
as useful for manipulating individual
cells from the inside, but this is the first time that larger particles, in the micron -
sized range, are used to create a 3D in vivo scaffold that can recruit and attract tens of millions of immune
cells,» said co-lead author Jaeyun Kim, Ph.D., an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University and a former Wyss Institute Postdoctoral Fellow.
As more saturated fatty acids enter the
cell, those islands grow in
size, creating increasing inelasticity of the membrane and gradually damaging the entire
cell.
Six weeks prior to Kaitlyne's surgery, Atala and his team harvested a dime -
size piece of tissue from her bladder, using this
as the source of
cells to create a new organ.
In a 2009 paper published in Nature Materials, Mooney demonstrated that this could be achieved by loading a porous scaffold — about the
size of a dime — with tumor antigen
as well
as a combination of biological and chemical components meant to attract and activate dendritic
cells.