Sentences with phrase «as changes in solar radiation»

This is the portion of temperature change that is imposed on the ocean - atmosphere - land system from the outside and it includes contributions from anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gasses, aerosols, and land - use change as well as changes in solar radiation and volcanic aerosols.

That may mean that natural factors, such as changes in solar radiation, played a larger role in atmospheric carbon dioxide than reforestation during this time, Pongratz said.

Not exact matches

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

In recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsIn recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).

Will Gray is of course disputing the «changes in solar radiation» theory of recent warming just as much as he is disputing the CO2 explanation.

There are a large number of recent peer - reviewed scientific publications demonstrating how solar activity can affect our climate (Benestad, 2002), such as how changes in the UV radiation following the solar activity affect the stratospheric ozone concentrations (1999) and how earth's temperatures respond to changes in the total solar irradiance (Meehl, 2003).

The paragraph in the OP you quote from as well as the one above it in full are saying that the ice age cycles result from the Earth's changing orbit round the sun which creates changes in the «incoming solar radiation (insolation) at high latitudes» (Roe (2006) PDF).

Refraction, specifically the real component of refraction n (describes bending of rays, wavelength changes relative to a vacuum, affects blackbody fluxes and intensities — as opposed to the imaginary component, which is related to absorption and emission) is relatively unimportant to shaping radiant fluxes through the atmosphere on Earth (except on the small scale processes where it (along with difraction, reflection) gives rise to scattering, particularly of solar radiation — in that case, the effect on the larger scale can be described by scattering properties, the emergent behavior).

[Response: They are imposed directly as cyclic changes in the amount (and spectra) of the incoming solar radiation.

These shape the 4 - dimensional pattern of temperature and other changes — the patterns of circulation, latent heating, and precipitation will shift, as can the cycles driven the imposed diurnal and seasonal cycles in incident solar radiation; the texture of internal variability can also shift.

First, for changing just CO2 forcing (or CH4, etc, or for a non-GHE forcing, such as a change in incident solar radiation, volcanic aerosols, etc.), there will be other GHE radiative «forcings» (feedbacks, though in the context of measuring their radiative effect, they can be described as having radiative forcings of x W / m2 per change in surface T), such as water vapor feedback, LW cloud feedback, and also, because GHE depends on the vertical temperature distribution, the lapse rate feedback (this generally refers to the tropospheric lapse rate, though changes in the position of the tropopause and changes in the stratospheric temperature could also be considered lapse - rate feedbacks for forcing at TOA; forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment takes some of that into account; sensitivity to forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment will generally be different from sensitivity to forcing without stratospheric adjustment and both will generally be different from forcing at TOA before stratospheric adjustment; forcing at TOA after stratospehric adjustment is identical to forcing at the tropopause after stratospheric adjustment).

It's looking more and more like most climate change can be pegged to changes in solar output, either directly through additional warming or indirectly as decreases in solar output allow more cosmic rays to reach the atmosphere, causing increased cloud nucleation and therefore increasing the earth's albedo and reflecting more solar radiation.

With the impacts of rising temperatures already being felt, and recent IPCC reports drawing into sharper focus the range of impacts expected in the coming decades, solar radiation management (SRM) is attracting increasing attention as a potentially cheap, fast - acting, albeit temporary response to some of the dangers of climate change.

Sunspot observations (going back to the 17th century), as well as data from isotopes generated by cosmic radiation, provide evidence for longer - term changes in solar activity.

PHYS.org: Changes in solar radiation, known as solar forcing, have had only a very small effect on climate change, a member of the UN's top panel of climate scientists said today.

Natural variability might modulate the flow of energy between parts of the system, such as from ocean to atmosphere, but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations.

I have sought the best empirical evidence to show how changes in incoming solar radiation, accounted for by intrinsic solar magnetic modulation of the irradiance output as well as planetary modulation of the seasonal distribution of sunlight, affects the thermal properties of land and sea, including temperatures.

`... but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations...»

Temperature at 100hPa changes at 20 ° -30 ° latitude in both hemispheres with the change in solar radiation as represented by 10.7 Flux.

We know the Asian aerosols have gone up, but for the Earth as a whole, there is very, very little change in the reflected solar radiation (just a blip from Mount Pinatubo in 1991 - 1993).

Tackling climate change by reducing the solar radiation reaching our planet using climate engineering, known also as geoengineering, could result in undesirable effects for the Earth and humankind.

Changes in solar radiation, known as solar forcing, have had only a very small effect on climate change, a member of the UN's top panel of climate scientists said today.

By the way, water is the only molecule in the upper atmosphere of significant quantity to radiate the balance of IR beyond the minor CO2 radiation plus the IR window radiation and as such is the primary earth cooling agent (including cloud reflection) and thus is a negative feedback to any actual changes in solar input energy.

The report, considerably more cautious, describes geoengineering as one element of a «portfolio of responses» to climate change and examines the prospects of two approaches — removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and enveloping the planet in a layer of sulfate particles to reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface.

As such, it can not capture the slow - down in net anthropogenic forcings that allows the effects of declining solar radiation and changes from El Nino or La Nina to dominate the 1999 — 2008 period.

As such, they may provide a powerful demonstration of the impacts of changes in solar radiation on the climate system.

If greater changes in solar radiation occur — as seems probable based on what is known of climate and solar activity in the past — the Sun needs to be considered in long - term climate projections.

As an example, variations in the flow of both UV radiation and atomic particles that accompany changes in overall solar activity alter the amount of ozone in the stratosphere.

The model included a more comprehensive set of natural and human - made climate forcings than previous studies, including changes in solar radiation, volcanic particles, human - made greenhouse gases, fine particles such as soot, the effect of the particles on clouds and land use.

As for direct solar radiation at the surface, I could update the diagrams to show that the the remaining energy is absorbed by the atmosphere instead, but it doesn't change the argument in any significant fashion.

Radiative forcing: A change in average net radiation at the top of the troposphere (known as the tropopause) because of a change in either incoming solar or exiting infrared radiation.

The physics that must be included to investigate the moist greenhouse is principally: (i) accurate radiation incorporating the spectral variation of gaseous absorption in both the solar radiation and thermal emission spectral regions, (ii) atmospheric dynamics and convection with no specifications favouring artificial atmospheric boundaries, such as between a troposphere and stratosphere, (iii) realistic water vapour physics, including its effect on atmospheric mass and surface pressure, and (iv) cloud properties that respond realistically to climate change.

Warming trend At this time of changing climate, the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth was subject to increased solar radiation because its perihelion (defined) was in July rather than in January as it is now.

The only direct real - world inputs to these models, in a climate change simulation context, are changes in atmospheric chemistry and composition (such as increasing greenhouse gases, or changing volcanic aerosols) and changes in solar radiation.

For the stratospheric sulphate idea, these fall into two classes - changes to the physical climate as a function of the changes in heating profiles in solar and longwave radiation, and chemical and ecological effects from the addition of so much sulphur to the system.

Regional climatic changes played a role as well, which was particularly relevant in Amazon rainforests, which accounted for 42 % of the global NPP increase, owing mainly to decreased cloud cover and the resulting increase in solar radiation (note that it is basically impossible to determine how much of this increase in NPP is a result of recent global climate change vs. natural climate variability, although both are likely to have played a role).

These include other anthropogenic factors such as increased industrial aerosols and ozone depletion, as well as natural changes in solar radiation and volcanic aerosols, and the cycle of El Niño and La Niña events.

In 1905 there was not even an approximate knowledge of the intensity of solar radiation, in free space as it exists outside the earth's atmosphere; and no instruments existed for detecting or measuring solar changes with a sufficient degree of accuracIn 1905 there was not even an approximate knowledge of the intensity of solar radiation, in free space as it exists outside the earth's atmosphere; and no instruments existed for detecting or measuring solar changes with a sufficient degree of accuracin free space as it exists outside the earth's atmosphere; and no instruments existed for detecting or measuring solar changes with a sufficient degree of accuracy.

For the stratospheric sulphate idea, these fall into two classes — changes to the physical climate as a function of the changes in heating profiles in solar and longwave radiation, and chemical and ecological effects from the addition of so much sulphur to the system.

Three - dimensional (3D) planetary general circulation models (GCMs) derived from the models that we use to project 21st Century changes in Earth's climate can now be used to address outstanding questions about how Earth became and remained habitable despite wide swings in solar radiation, atmospheric chemistry, and other climate forcings; whether these different eras of habitability manifest themselves in signals that might be detected from a great distance; whether and how planets such as Mars and Venus were habitable in the past; how common habitable exoplanets might be; and how we might best answer this question with future observations.