Sentences with phrase «as coal combustion»

Global anthropogenic emissions of mercury presented here are based on emission inventories and include industrial emissions as well as coal combustion.

Direct anthropogenic sources such as coal combustion, however, still release large amounts of inorganic mercury into the atmosphere, either as gaseous elemental mercury (GEM; Hg °) or as divalent gaseous mercury species (Hg2 +)(3).

While those emissions have continued to decline in the West, returns, from a brightening standpoint, have diminished, just as coal combustion ramped up in Asia.

Not exact matches

The analyses show that coal combustion is the single largest source of air pollution - related health impact, contributing to some 366,000 premature deaths in China in 2013, with industry and household combustion as major contributors as well.

In a modeling study of coal, oil, and natural gas, Zhang and Caldeira compared the warming caused by combustion to the warming caused by the carbon dioxide released by a single instance of burning, such as one lump of coal, and by a power plant that is continuously burning fuel.

Natural gas, which is mainly methane, may generate less carbon dioxide than oil and coal when burned, but as recent research has found, there's more to greenhouse gas emissions than just combustion.

Another study, published last year in Reviews of Geophysics, lists the man - made aerosols as coming from sulfates, nitrate and black carbon emitted by internal combustion engines, coal - fired power plants, slash - and - burn agricultural practices, and smoke from cooking.

«As the Clean Air Act and amendments have taken effect there has been a reduction in sulfur emissions from coal combustion, so that the amount of atmospheric sulfur deposited each year is only 25 percent of what it used to be.

The parent compounds involved in this research are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, formed naturally as the result of almost any type of combustion, from a wood stove to an automobile engine, cigarette or a coal - fired power plant.

Diesel combustion in vehicles or coal in power plants creates soot particles, which also contribute to global warming, albeit only briefly as they disappear quickly from the atmosphere.

EnBW participates in the project to further reduce CO2 emission of coal combustion as a bridge technology.

The Northwestern development could lead to new thermoelectric devices with potential applications in the automobile industry, glass - and brick - making factories, refineries, coal - and gas - fired power plants, and places where large combustion engines operate continuously (such as in large ships and tankers).

These gases come from human activities such as combustion of coal and oil as well as natural sources such as emissions from plants.

«(B) the nonemissive use, in 2012 or later, of petroleum - based or coal - based liquid or gaseous fuel, petroleum coke, natural gas liquid, or natural gas as a feedstock, if allowances or offset credits were retired for the greenhouse gases that would have been emitted from their combustion; and

By comparison, scenarios for fossil fuel emissions for the 21st century range from about 600 billion tons (if we can keep total global emissions at current levels) to over 2500 billion tons if the world increases its reliance on combustion of coal as economic growth and population increase dramatically.

Natural gas is a fossil fuel — like oil and coal — and it does produce carbon dioxide as a result of the combustion process.

Usnea lapponica is an example of this as it is especially sensitive to sulfur dioxide, a by - product from combustion of petroleum and coal.

Overall, I have yet to see anyone rebut the simple calculations of Vaclav Smil, the resource and risk polymath at the University of Manitoba, who has shown how capturing and processing just a small percentage of today's CO2 from coal combustion would require as much pipeline and other infrastructure as is now used globally to get oil — a costly commodity — out of the ground.

At the same time, as well, other fundamental forces will continue to drive polluted China and smog - choked India to move away from unfettered coal combustion as a path to progress.

If those interpretations are correct, then I'm thinking the burden of this discussion is that the authors think that «thermogenic» carbon is necessary to account for the PETM — in line with the somewhat well - known idea of volcanic combustion of coal beds, as mentioned a couple of times in Mark Lynas's «Six Degrees.»

You can get about 50 times the energy out of solar cells covering the same area as a bio-reactor tank that depends on photosynthesis, so I don't think the idea that fertilizing bio-fuels with the CO2 from coal combustion makes sense.

Natural gas is widely considered to be an environmentally cleaner fuel than coal because it does not produce detrimental by - products such as sulfur, mercury, ash and particulates and because it provides twice the energy per unit of weight with half the carbon footprint during combustion.

The article notes that the shift to gas, so far, is restricted to the city, and some of the pollution from coal combustion will simply be generated elsewhere as plants outside the city pollute to supply electricity to the center of power.

The influence of the Sun on the Earth is seen increasingly as one cause of the observed global warming since 1900, along with the emission of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, from the combustion of coal, gas, and oil.

Why don't you spend as much researching multi-megawatt-hour lithium batteries for centralized storage of energy from distributed collectors as you do on oxymoronic «clean coal» combustion?

Carbon capture is costly in part because it requires additional energy to capture and separate CO2 from a heterogeneous mix — as emerges from the stack of a coal combustion facility for example.

What this means in plain English is, for example, that making coal or crude oil combustion more efficient could count as climate finance.

How CHP works is by using the heat that would otherwise be wasted in exhaust gases from fossil combustion systems, such as flue gases from a coal - or biomass - fueled boiler or exhaust from a gas turbine or reciprocating engine, to produce steam and / or hot water for various industrial or commercial needs.

«[A] lthough wood has approximately the same carbon intensity as coal (0.027 vs. 0.025 tC GJ − 1 of primary energy -LSB-...]-RRB-, combustion efficiency of wood and wood pellets is lower (Netherlands Enterprise Agency; IEA 2016).

The NRDC cites the «2016 State of the Market» report by PJM, the largest grid operator in North America, as showing that «new entrant natural gas - fired combined cycle plants, combustion turbine plants, and solar are economical, but that new coal and nuclear plants are not.»

Coal ash slurry, which is a combination of water and materials leftover from the coal combustion process, contains ingredients that can cause cancer and brain damage as well as radioactive elemeCoal ash slurry, which is a combination of water and materials leftover from the coal combustion process, contains ingredients that can cause cancer and brain damage as well as radioactive elemecoal combustion process, contains ingredients that can cause cancer and brain damage as well as radioactive elements.

The report found the terminal could have «significant and adverse» impact on the climate, and the combustion of coal from the terminal could generate annually as much carbon pollution as 672,000 cars.

Measures to enable, say, wind power to compete more effectively with coal - based electricity invite an outcome that is the worst of both worlds: coal combustion continues, even as wind power subsidies benefit developers while adding to budget woes.

The pollutants resultant from combustion vary with paper as they do with coal dependent upon things such as moisture content and temperatures and degree of combustion that occurs.

Yes I can say Muller misstated the difference in emissions between coal, oil and gas, because the other components of life cycle emissions (such as the fugitive emissions you referred to) are small compared with emissions from fuel combustion.

To prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency from regulating coal combustion byproducts as hazardous waste under subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, and for other purposes.

Methane emissions derive mostly from landfills, agriculture (particularly rice farming), livestock, and natural gas and coal extraction, while soot, otherwise called «black carbon», results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and derives primarily from primitive cook stoves used throughout much of the developing world, as well as diesel engines and coal - burning power plants.

The interest in natural gas combustion as a potential solution to climate change has been gaining because US ghg emissions have fallen somewhat as natural gas from hydraulic fracturing technologies has been rapidly replacing coal in electricity sector generation.

Given that the United States has strong ethical responsibilities to rapidly reduce its carbon footprint, a matter examined extensively in Ethicsandclimate.org, one might initially conclude that as a matter of ethics switching to natural gas from coal combustion is ethically justifiable as a short - term strategy.

But if existing combustion power plants could be adapted to use metal powder instead of coal or other fossil fuels, then much of the existing power generating infrastructure could be used, and power generation could continue to be in the same places it is now, using the same grid as is currently supplying electricity.

Fossil Fuel is a generic term that isn't quite correct Natural Gasoline is a distilled derivative of oil but almost all ofit is manufactured from cracked and recombined oil derivativeswhile natural gasoline is further refined intoPropane, butane, Proproline (a plastics feed stock), and Natural gasand also separates out sulfur (for fertilizer and explosives) Gasoline can be made from coal («Coaline») or from organic matter («Bio-fuel») but uses a few of oil based feed stocks instead tomake «Sythiline» (artificial gasoline) This gasoline is actually cleaner burning then natural gas with allit's «flare offs» (butane, propane, propoline, sulfur) used in theearly 19th century because it is manufactured only with essentialHydrocarbons Diesel fuel is also becoming more and more Manufactured instead ofdistilled as demand for it rises but improvements in Hydro cleaningis allowing for diesel with no volatile chemicals like sulfur andmercury (taken out for petro - chemical feedstock to make fertilizerand thermometers) In both cases what you have is pure hydro - carbons, a carbon atomwith hydrogen atoms attached to it In the case of gasoline there is CH1, cH7, CH11 When in a combustion engine the gasoline is sprayed into the pistonafter being mixed with air and the drive of the engine compressesthe the chamber filled with the gasoline mist until it's full downstoke then the spark plug causes the Exothermic reaction... which isthe conversion of the potential energy in the gasoline mist to heatand force, with the force side of that equation shooting the pistonupward and the top of the stroke kicking what's left of thecaramelized gasoline mist out into the Emission control box If the Emulsion control box wasn't there to filter out the burntgasoline particles, any potential additives and volatile chemicalsthen the caramelized gunk hitting air would create CARBON MONOXIDEin the cooler then the heat of the engine difference CARBON MONOXIDE can also become a problem if the Emissions controlBox filter, air filters or muffler filters is worn or damaged.

the Michigan Tech scientists focussed only on deaths from air pollution linked to coal - burning power stations: they did not make a calculation about the economic costs of chronic illness linked to polluted air, nor did they estimate the health costs that might be linked to the entire coal industry, nor include the estimates of deaths that might be attributed to climate change as a consequence of prodigal fossil fuel combustion.

Although a fossil fuel, combustion of natural gas emits only 45 % as much carbon dioxide as combustion of coal, and hydroelectric is of course a very low - carbon energy source.

Importantly, the Michigan Tech scientists focussed only on deaths from air pollution linked to coal - burning power stations: they did not make a calculation about the economic costs of chronic illness linked to polluted air, nor did they estimate the health costs that might be linked to the entire coal industry, nor include the estimates of deaths that might be attributed to climate change as a consequence of prodigal fossil fuel combustion.

That has come courtesy of its association with conventional natural gas - which produces much less CO2 on combustion than coal and oil, and which is often touted as a «clean» fuel.

Depending upon the form of energy converted into electrical energy, the generating stations are classified as under: (i) Steam power stations (ii) Hydroelectric power stations (iii) Diesel power stations (iv) Nuclear power stations Steam Power Station A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam power station.

The Bill already includes an 18 % reduction in the budget of the EPA but the additional measures include a rider preventing the EPA from issuing any regulation on greenhouse gases for the next year, a rider stopping the EPA from bringing in proposed fuel - efficiency standards for all automobiles (which were approved by manufacturers) a refusal to label toxic ash spill left from coal combustion as hazardous waste, a rider preventing uranium mining in the Grand Canyon and a prevention on stopping limits on mercury usage.

On the other hand, it is reasonable to assume that natural market factors will gradually result in a reduction of ever more expensive fossil fuel combustion as older coal - fired power plants are shut down and replaced by nuclear plants, as hybrid and electrical cars gradually replace gasoline and diesel driven ones, and as energy efficiency is improved and waste reduced.

The NAS National Research Council calculates that the health costs from fossil fuel combustion are in the billions: «WASHINGTON — A new report from the National Research Council examines and, when possible, estimates «hidden» costs of energy production and use — such as the damage air pollution imposes on human health — that are not reflected in market prices of coal, oil, other energy sources, or the electricity and gasoline produced from them.

The advocacy group Oil Change International referred to petcoke as «the coal hiding in the tar sands» in a 2013 report documenting the carbon footprint of petcoke production and combustion.