Sentences with phrase «as codon»

Developed by Harvard geneticist George Church, a modified E. coli strain provides what's known as codon security: Biosensors can't spill their tweaked genes into the ecosystem because a segment of their genetic code has been made incompatible with all living organisms.

When cells activate a gene to make protein, their genome spells out three - letter words known as codons.

Three - letter genetic sequences are known as codons, and they can either code for an amino acid — the building blocks of proteins — or act as stop signals.

Not exact matches

To make a bacterium completely virus - proof will probably require replacing tens of thousands of redundant codons, he says, as well as modifying the protein - making factories so they no longer recognise these codons.

To estimate the avian timetree with genomic - scale data, we used first and second codon positions from 1156 clock - like exon genes (which do not strongly exhibit the above protein - coding compositional bias), calibrated with 19 conservatively chosen avian fossils (plus nonavian outgroups) as minimum bounds for lineage ages (with a maximum - bound age constraint of 99.6 Ma for Neornithes), in a Bayesian autocorrelated relaxed clock method using MCMCTREE (77) on the fixed ExaML TENT topology (SM12).

Reassigned stop codons would be read as normal stop codons in natural cells, prematurely terminating protein production.

Imagine the E. coli genome as a pizza cut into 32 slices that together contain all 314 TAG codons, but not on one slice.

The researchers found that the codon, which should have signaled a halt to protein production, instead acted as the blueprint for a previously unknown amino acid, pyrrolysine.

A key component in the translation process is the ribosome, which migrates along the single stranded mRNA, reading the codons as it goes.

Basically, the cell's protein - making machinery reads a sequence of DNA as a sentence composed entirely of three - letter words called codons.

As the ribosome moves down to the next codon, the correct tRNA molecule, complete with the correct amino acid, moves into place.

Dunham writes: «We are focusing on establishing this in bacteria to understand frameshifting and protein folding as a consequence of codon preference.

The GFP - tagged isoform a (plasmid pCK28 -LCB- PW01A8.1:: W01A8.1 (a) synth:: gfp:: unc - 54 3 ′ UTR -RCB--RRB- was constructed by synthesizing the W01A8.1 a sequence with modified codons to allow protection from CRISPR / Cas9 targeted sgRNA and prepared as a GeneArt ® Strings ™ DNA Fragment from Invitrogen (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California, USA) and cloned using GeneArt ® Seamless Cloning System (Invitrogen) into pPD95.75 (NeoR).

Three specific codon sites within the genes celA2b, katG and cyp138 were identified by MEDS as displaying significant evidence of evolving under directional selection influenced by HIV - 1 co-infection.

However, current predictors analyze variants as isolated events, which can lead to incorrect predictions when adjacent variants alter the same codon, or when a frame - shifting indel is followed by a frame - restoring indel.

Very recently the causal mutation has been identified by two research groups almost simultaneously, as a large genomic deletion of ADAM9 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain, family member 9) that removes exons 15 and 16 of the ADAM9 transcript [53, 54] and generates a premature stop codon that is predicted to result in a truncated protein that lacks critical domains.