Sentences with phrase «as consumption models»

«We've been gradually embracing this for some time, but we talk about this as consumption models.

Not exact matches

The model would tell us that rather than implement income distribution policies that force up the savings rate, Beijing should redistribute income from the state sector to households so as to force up consumption.

A reliable read on Chinese consumption of commodities has always been famously difficult to ascertain and as the country alters its growth model, this question has only increased in importance as China's growth continues to slow.

As the second - largest economy in the world, China is interested in transforming its growth model from investment - driven to consumer - driven, and some investors might wonder how the devaluation will affect consumption.

The report concludes, «Most economic models show that military spending diverts resources from productive uses, such as consumption and investment, and ultimately slows economic growth and reduces employment.»

In contrast to earlier marriages based on «the economic benefits of playing specialized roles,» the new model is based on «shared passions»» or as Wolfers put it in an accompanying Freakonomics blog, on «consumption complementarities.»

The lower levels of baseline sugar sweetened drink consumption in the UK compared with the US may in part explain why the effect on obesity that we estimate in the UK is much less than that estimated in the US.12 The differences with respect to other modelling studies may also be partly explained by their use of higher own price elasticity values for sugar sweetened drinks than we have calculated and used here.18 22 52 We can not make direct comparisons between the results of our study and the results of recent studies of the effect of reducing sugar sweetened drink consumption on body weight in children, 5 7 as the relation between energy balance and change in body mass index in children who are growing is different from that in adults.

Of course, if you enjoy having some wine or a few beers now and again, that's perfectly fine, as long as you model healthy consumption of alcohol and responsible behavior while you do it.

The model compares and contrasts two main paths that China's energy consumption could take: One, which the paper calls the «Continued Effort» scenario, is a business - as - usual trajectory.

Bettencourt and his colleagues at Arizona State University (A.S.U.), Dresden University of Technology in Germany and New Mexico's Santa Fe Institute, modeled the growth of a city according to three categories of factors: material infrastructure (road surfaces, electrical cable, etc.), human needs (such as total energy consumption and housing) and patterns of social activity, including total bank deposits, research and development, new cases of AIDS and new patents filed.

Barthelemy says the model could also come in handy for estimating traffic delays, gas consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, so that urban planners and policy makers can better understand how those different factors evolve as a city grows.

For studies that reported incidence in each age category, we fitted log - linear model that contained incidence (dependent variable) and consumption (independent variable) with age as a covariate (median age in each age category), and we estimated the relative risk by using an interaction term between age and consumption.

For consumption, we used the midpoint of the reported number of cigarettes per day — for example, three cigarettes per day if the category was one to five cigarettes per day — which we then adjusted for carboxyhaemoglobin and cotinine because this allows for lower inhalation with increasing cigarette consumption as previously established.14 For studies that reported relative risks adjusted for age (or for additional factors), the model contained the logarithm of the relative risk (dependent variable) and consumption (independent variable) using only the midpoint of the cigarettes per day categories.

Hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for mortality associated with coffee consumption were estimated with the use of Cox proportional - hazards regression models, with person - years as the underlying time metric; results calculated with age as the underlying time metric were similar.

Hazard ratios for death associated with categories of coffee consumption (< 1, 1, 2 or 3, 4 or 5, and ≥ 6 cups per day), as compared with no coffee consumption, were estimated from a single model.

Finding that oral L. reuteri therapy increased circulating levels of oxytocin in our animal model, we theorized that microbes associated with milk consumption may stimulate vagal pathways as for pleasure reward during infant - maternal bonding [29].

We also included total coffee consumption and caffeine intake simultaneously in the multivariate model as continuous variables.

The conceptual model for this study contends that establishing a dietary framework containing moderate amounts of high - quality dietary protein at each meal represents an efficient and feasible dietary strategy to optimize 24 - h muscle protein synthesis while being mindful of issues such as protein cost and daily energy consumption.

And yet the values and consumption habits of millennials are at odds with the business models of many traditional luxury brands, which they see as uncool.

Four compact ink supply bags reduce the impact on the environment and save time, while inkjet printers such as Epson's Workforce models use no heat in the printing process, reducing power consumption by up to 80 percent when compared to laser printers.

As the consumption - based model of technology integration transitions to a participatory approach and technology transitions from a tool for accessing information to a tool to (a) support student authoring and creativity, (b) facilitate collaboration, communication, and social learning, (c) allow for more efficient organization and accumulation of resources, (d) provide venues for student voices through publication and sharing, and (e) support student immersion in learning environments, educators also transition from «extending learning beyond what could be done without technology» (Mason et al., 2000) to «use technologies to promote effective student learning» (Hicks et al., 2014) In the revisioning of the first principle, the authors did a commendable job of affording increased value to range of tools, methods, content, abilities, and varied contexts of social studies classrooms.

Although the new Tiguan has already been on sale in Europe for more than a year, we've had to wait patiently for Volkswagen to kick off production of the long - wheelbase model, known abroad as the Tiguan Allspace, as the standard - wheelbase variant was not intended for North American consumption.

As is de rigueur with new models, emissions and fuel consumption have both improved, though Suzuki has yet to announce specific figures.

As the first of the 2016 model year Huracáns the Spyder introduces a «cylinder on demand» function, which shuts off one bank of cylinders when cruising to reduce fuel consumption.

Evolutionary changes were permitted - so long as 500 copies of the new model were built for public consumption.

That Ecomotive model might be the economy star but all the diesels offer seriously impressive consumption and emissions figures, with even the 181bhp 2.0 TDI able to muster an official 65.7 mpg in manual form, or 60.1 mpg as a DSG auto.

These measures have delivered impressive results, giving the BMW M4 Coupe a DIN curb weight of 1,497 kilograms, around 80 kilograms lighter than a comparably equipped predecessor model — with benefits for driving dynamics and fuel consumption as well.

As for propulsion, all engines both gasoline and diesel on offer now use BMW's TwinPower turbo technology for upping power without upping fuel consumption and XDrive intelligent all - wheel drive is now standard or an option on 12 different models.

As a result, fuel consumption has dropped by as much as 22 % in some models, and coefficient of drag is reduced from 0.34 to 0.3As a result, fuel consumption has dropped by as much as 22 % in some models, and coefficient of drag is reduced from 0.34 to 0.3as much as 22 % in some models, and coefficient of drag is reduced from 0.34 to 0.3as 22 % in some models, and coefficient of drag is reduced from 0.34 to 0.32.

In a V6 models with the VCM (variable cylinder management) oil consumption could be caused by «repeatedly switching on and off» when cruising on the highway, as per the Honda TSB (service bulletin).

The updated model sets itself apart with lower fuel consumption and emissions, as well as innovative auxiliary functions.

All new BMW 7 Series models come equipped with Auto Start - Stop which can cut fuel consumption by up to six percent as well as Brake Energy Regeneration.

Recently, Chevrolet introduced updated variants of the Corvette for Middle Eastern consumption, changes include a Grand Sport model with the dual mode exhaust system as standard (it's optional on the base car in this region), along with two new paint colors.

At the same time it has been possible to retain the textbook consumption level on a par with the previous models: even the NEDC fuel consumption figures of the CLA 45 4MATIC and CLA 45 4MATIC Shooting Brake, from as low as 6.9 litres per 100 kilometres (corresponding to 161 g / km CO2), can be considered exemplary.

Market launch of the new MINI 5 door with four model variants (combined fuel consumption: 5.9 — 3.6 l / 100 km, combined CO2 emissions: 136 — 95 g / km); two petrol and two diesel engines of the new generation available with MINI TwinPower Turbo Technology; MINI Cooper 5 door with 100 kW / 136 hp 3 - cylinder petrol engine, MINI Cooper S 5 door with 141 kW / 192 hp 4 - cylinder petrol engine, MINI Cooper D 5 door with 3 - cylinder diesel engine (85 kW / 116 hp) and MINI Cooper SD 5 door featuring new 4 - cylinder diesel engine presented for the first time with an output of 125 kW / 170 hp; 6 - speed manual transmission as standard, 6 - speed Steptronic transmission or Steptronic sports transmission as an optional extra; extensive MINIMALISM technology including auto start / stop function and optional GREEN mode.

On the contrary — averaging fuel consumption of 9.0 litres / 100 kilometres (equal to 26.1 mpg US) and CO2 emissions of 210 grams per kilometre in the EU test cycle, the new top model offers the same superiority also in this respect as the BMW Z4 sDrive35i with Sport Automatic.

The advances in dynamics and efficiency that come as part of the package are also expressed by the new model designations for the BMW M140i 3 - door (fuel consumption combined: 7.8 l / 100 km [36.2 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 179 g / km), BMW M140i 5 - door (fuel consumption combined: 7.8 l / 100 km [36.2 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 179 g / km), BMW M240i Coupe (fuel consumption combined: 7.8 l / 100 km [36.2 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 179 g / km) and BMW M240i Convertible (fuel consumption combined: 8.3 l / 100 km [34.0 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 189 g / km).

Kawasaki says the fuel consumption of the engine is 6.8 % better than the previous model, as per WMTC standard.

Across the range, acceleration times for the 0 - 60mph dash start from sub - 5.0 seconds, while fuel consumption is cut by up to 24 percent - depending on model - and CO2 emissions start as low as 194g / km.

The fuel consumption penalty is minimal too as the base model gets 16/25 mpg in city / highway driving while the Daytona 392 offers 15/25 combined mpg.

As is common with eco-biased models, the Skoda Octavia Greenline comes with a raft of features focused on reducing its fuel consumption to a mere sip.

The four - cylinder diesel engine featured in this particular version of the BMW 1 Series delivers maximum torque of 260 N · m (192 lb - ft) and, in combination with the BMW EfficientDynamics techologies also featured as standard in this model, allows average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle of 4.4 L / 100 kilometers (53.5 mpg US) and a CO2 rating of 118 grams per kilometer.

All models are now fitted with an 8 - speed automatic transmission as standard, and the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of the new BMW 7 Series have been reduced by up to 25 percent, depending on the engine variant.

Across the range, acceleration times for the 0 - 60mph dash start from 5 seconds, while fuel consumption is cut by up to 24 percent — depending on model — and CO2 emissions start as low as 194g / km.

• New generation of engines with MINI TwinPower Turbo Technology; three model variants available as of market launch: MINI Cooper with 100 kW / 136 bhp 3 - cylinder engine, MINI Cooper S with 141 kW / 192 bhp 4 - cylinder petrol engine and MINI Cooper D with 3 - cylinder diesel engine (85 kW / 116 bhp); expansion of the model program to include the entry - level variants MINI One D (3 - cylinder diesel engine, 70 kW / 95 bhp) and MINI One (3 - cylinder spark - ignition engine, 75 kW / 102 bhp); 6 - speed manual transmission as standard, with optional 6 - speed automatic transmission or sports automatic transmission, also newly developed; extensive MINIMALISM technology including automatic engine start / stop function likewise in conjunction with automatic transmission and optional GREEN mode; improved driving performance figures and reduced fuel consumption; biggest efficiency advance in the MINI Cooper with automatic transmission: acceleration from zero to 100 km / h 2.6 seconds faster, average fuel consumption 27 per cent lower; lowest fuel consumption and CO2 levels in the MINI Cooper D: 3.5 — 3.6 litres / 100 km, 92 — 95 g / km (EU test cycle figures, dependent on tyre format selected).

The reduced fuel consumption of the E 350 BlueTEC with 9G - TRONIC compared to prior models has primarily been achieved as a result of the high level of efficiency of the transmission.

Probably the pick of the new Range Rovers — unless you happen to have a bottomless bank account and don't care about range — is the 4.4 litre V8 Diesel that now offers 334bhp and 516lb / ft of torque, with an official consumption of 32.5 mpg (last model RR 4.4 SDV8 did 30.1 mpg), which probably means real world economy of 25mpg (as we discovered when we reviewed the Range Rover 4.4 V8 Autobiography a couple of years ago).

Their fuel consumption has been reduced by as much as 20 percent compared with the previous model.

Compared to the engine in the previous model, the free - breathing, 5.2 - liter V10, it offers even sportier performance while reducing fuel consumption by as much as 25 per cent.

Performance has improved and fuel consumption has been reduced by as much as 20 percent compared with the previous model.