Sentences with phrase «as ecological factors»

Not exact matches

Previous attempts to evaluate the Baby Friendly Initiative within an observational study design have often been limited by small sample size or reliance upon ecological measures of confounding factors.16, 17 The advantage of the Millennium Cohort Study is the availability of individual - level social and demographic information, as well as the circumstances of pregnancy and delivery, allowing adjustment for factors that in other studies may be associated with both policy intervention and infant feeding practices, via area or individual population differences.

School districts in some states, including all five surveyed, may have additional protection under «recreational use» statutes, which offer immunity from certain claims against landowners who open their property to the public for recreational use.10 In states with broad recreational use statutes, such as Indiana, opening school kitchen facilities could be considered a protected activity under the law, depending on the circumstances of the use and other factors.11 However, in Massachusetts, protection for recreational activities extends only to purposes that are «scientific, educational, environmental, ecological, research, religious, or charitable,» 12 so the state's statute might not apply when districts allow for - profit groups to use school kitchens.

The researchers also found that using physiological biomarkers, such as hormones from droppings, is an effective way of evaluating the impact of ecological and demographic factors on animal populations.

And they examined data from sources like the U.S. Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to look at various socio - ecological factors that have been posited as contributors to individualism, including prevalence of infectious disease and disasters, rates of urbanization, changes in secularism, and trends in occupational status.

While facial complexity was related to social variables, such as group size and the number of closely related species in the same habitat, facial pigmentation was best explained by ecological and spatial factors.

This link held up after ecological factors that also influence extinction, such as weather and habitat size, were taken into account.

«Using the socio - ecological model as a guiding framework, this study explores the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy factors that impede and facilitate the transition from residential substance abuse treatment from the perspectives of individuals with SUDs who are anticipating discharge from treatment.»

While the larger size of the New Guinean bent - toed geckos seems to be an evolutionary trend, the role of potential factors such as competition, ecological diversification, isolation and dispersal remains quite a mystery.

Jedediah Brodie, a scientist at the University of British Columbia and study co-author, said a next step of research is determining which ecological changes in the Arctic are completely a result of ice loss, as opposed to climate change factors such as temperature increases.

«A major factor in choosing this image as the winner is that it manages a seemly impossible task: to visualise an immensely long - term ecological process in a single static shot.

Thus, rather than a multiplication of ecological roles, the new results point to external factors, such as increasing environmental heterogeneity, as the main evolutionary force.

They don't have a model for how «externalities», such as an ecological collapse, can lead to an economic collapse, because the basic factors are left out of the econometric models.

Future work will also focus on developing methods for collecting data from multiple sources to construct integrated maps of the many different factors that determine disease transmission and the emergence and spread of resistance, such as epidemiological and ecological data.

Depending on a variety of ecological and epidemiological factors, these populations may be so inbreed as to actually appear as a single genome (clonal sample) or may be very diverse (mixed infections).

As I stated in the panel, this is extremely weak evidence for an effect of carbs; there are many confounding factors and population - level data can not sort these out (the «ecological fallacy»).

In this qualitative study, drawing from social - ecological and critical theories, multiple factors, such as the ability - level and gender of the child, school policies, and the prevalent stigma surrounding disability are examined to understand how they interact to shape educators» attitudes and responses to violence.

Environmental and ecological factors such as overcrowding, reduction in predators, food limitations, and genetic variations could have contributed to the natural selection for a smaller size.

Its «green» factor is up for debate since the point of a tiny home is to reduce one's ecological footprint, but there will always be a market for upscale homes, even ones as small as this.

The problems are: Lack of a constructive, earth nurturing moral outlook, ideology that encourages expanding capitalist economies that do not factor ecological capital or its destruction into their bottom line, greed as a way of life, corporate imperatives and power, intentionally misinformed or ignorant public (especially in the United States and China), inertia, rampant bad design in energy generation, housing, transportation, community planning, consumer products and packaging and materials cycling, etc..

It seems to me the ecological challenges presented to the human community in these early years of Century XXI are necessary matters for discussion; however, our failure to acknowledge in open discussion «the human population factor» as a primary, driving force, one that is precipitating the ecological challenges visible on the far horizon, is making our best efforts insufficient.

When preparing such a zoning and related regulations, factors like population density, the ecological sensitivity of the area concerned, closeness to polluting industry, closeness to sources of drinking water, etc. should be taken into account as well as the potential risks related to certain types of urban agriculture.

When we factor in ecological and social expenses, such as global warming and acid deposition, the trend toward the increasing cost of fossil fuels could become even more pronounced.

Here, we review the importance of forest genetic resources as a source of evolutionary potential for adaptation to changes in climate and other ecological factors.

Perhaps the fire frequency was a function of population density, cultural practices innovations, or other human - based factors that had nothing to do with temperature, such as war, peace, displacement, entrenchment, food preference shifts, food availability changes, evolution in customs, advances in ecological knowledge, population growth, etc..

Dr Peter put forward the view that renewables, with energy storage as an enabler as «the most important factor of climate protection» but said that the drivers for clean energy and decarbonisation were as much economic and industrial as they are ecological.

The model specifies three categories of risk factors: (1) disease and disability parameters (e.g., severity of handicap); (2) functional independence; and (3) psychosocial stressors (e.g., daily hassles), as well as three categories of resistance factors: (1) intrapersonal (e.g., problem - solving ability); (2) social - ecological factors (e.g., social support); and (3) stress processing (e.g., coping strategies).

An alternative approach focuses on children's unmet needs, acknowledging the many possible contributors (e.g., lack of access to health care), as well as parental behaviour.3 The latter approach fits with the developmental ecological perspective which posits that no one factor alone contributes to neglect; there are multiple and interacting contributors at the level of the child, parents, family, community and society.

For example, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children entering foster care due to prenatal substance exposure.36 The negative effects of substance exposure on the fetus and developing child have been extensively documented, although scholars emphasize the variability in outcomes as well as the contribution of multiple ecological factors to outcome.37

Burgess and Drais propose that child maltreatment is too complex to be explained fully by genetic relatedness alone and cite other reasons for child maltreatment, such as social factors, ecological factors and child traits such as disability and age.

Results indicate at 6 - month follow - up, reductions were reported in substance use and substance use - related risk factors, as evidenced by modest improvements in family cohesion and conflict levels and by improvements in other areas of ecological functioning (e.g., increases in school / work attendance).

In Feinberg's (2003, p. 111) ecological model about the structure and context of coparenting, coparenting is considered a mediator and moderator linking contextual factors, and parent and child characteristics and outcomes, and, as such, is «the centre about which family process evolves» (Weissman and Cohen 1985, p. 24).

Most prior PAT items were retained; however, parents recommended changes to improve screening format (separately assessing each sibling within the family and expanding response options to include «sometimes»), developmental sensitivity (developing or revising items for ages 0 — 2, 3 — 4, 5 — 9, and 10 + years), and content (adding items related to sibling - specific social support, global assessments of sibling risk, emotional / behavioral reactions to cancer, and social ecological factors such as family and school).

Abstract: Both individual and ecological influences are implicated as factors linked to youth violence.

This research can be viewed in the context of the Wallander et al. (1989) Risk and Resistance Model as an examination of the contributions of several specific social — ecological resistance factors.

The current study can be viewed in the context of the Wallander, Varni, Babani, Banis, et al. (1989) Risk and Resistance Model as an examination of the contributions of several specific social — ecological resistance factors.

This study, espousing an ecological — transactional theoretical approach, investigates the role of supportive relationships with parents and friends as potential protective factors against the development of adolescent sexual risk behavior.

According to this approach, understanding adolescent behavioral risk and protective factors requires the consideration of ecological effects, that is the social contexts in which the risk and protection occurs (Bronfenbrenner, 1977; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993), as well as transactional effects, that is the reciprocal nature of the relationship between adolescents» behavior and their social contexts (e.g., Cicchetti, Toth, & Maughan, 2000; Coatsworth et al., 2000; Sameroff, 1995).

According to socio - ecological theory, 18,19 sibling relationships, as with other relationships, vary as a function of family, peer, and individual factors that may also increase risk of psychiatric disorder.11, 18 Such factors include high levels of stress, 20 — 22 family violence, 22,23 peer victimization, 6 and children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties.23 A multivariate approach that adjusts for such factors is needed.

This means that all segments of the real estate industry are going to be heavily affected as market forces begin to factor the ecological soundness of properties in their calculations.